Pre- and post-therapy circulating immuno-stimulatory and immuno-suppressive cytokines in dogs with juvenile-onset generalized demodecosis

• Published in: Veterinary parasitology Vol. 275; p. 108954
• Main Authors: Singh, Alok, Kumari, Priyambada, Singh, Shanker K, Soman, Sandeep P, Choudhury, Soumen, Srivastava, Ashish, Nigam, Rajesh, Garg, Satish K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-11-2019
• Subjects: Age Factors; Amitraz; Animals; Cytokines - blood; Cytokines - immunology; Demodex; Dog Diseases - immunology; Dog Diseases - parasitology; Dogs; IFN-γ; Immunization - veterinary; Immunosuppression; Immunosuppression - veterinary; Interleukin-10; Mite Infestations - immunology; Mite Infestations - parasitology; Mite Infestations - veterinary; Mites - immunology; TNF-α; Demodex; Immunosuppression; IFN-γ; Interleukin-10; TNF-α; Amitraz
• ISSN: 0304-4017; 1873-2550
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.108954

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•Demodex mites induce marked immunosuppression in dogs.•IL-10 overproduction contributes to the development of clinical demodecosis.•IL-10 production has a strong positive correlation with the mites burden.
Overproliferation of Demodex mites in dogs with compromised immunity attributed to the development of canine demodecosis. Whether clinical signs of canine demodecosis are triggered by genetically-mediated specific immunodeficiency in dogs or the Demodex mites induce lesions in hair follicles and result in compromised immunity is yet to be fully explored. To unravel the concealments of immunosuppression in canine demodecosis the present study was aimed to estimate the levels of circulating cytokines, pre- and post-therapy in nine dogs with juvenile-onset generalized demodecosis. At day 60 post-therapy of recommended amitraz rinse, significant (p ≤ 0.02) reduction in circulating IL-10 level was observed compared to its level before the start of the therapy (day 0). However, significant alterations in circulating levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were not observed in these dogs at day 60 post-therapy as compared to their day 0 levels. A strong positive correlation between circulating level of IL-10 and mites population was observed both on day 0 (r2 = 0.656; p ≤ 0.005) and day 60 post-therapy (r2 = 0.575; p ≤ 0.018). Therefore, our findings suggest that Demodex mites induce immunosuppression in dogs during clinical disease and mites burden seems to be responsible for the development of generalized demodecosis.