Outcomes of Myocardial Revascularization in Diabetic Patients With Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: A Multicenter Observational Study From Three Gulf Countries

• Published in: Cardiovascular revascularization medicine Vol. 46; pp. 52 - 61
• Main Authors: Daoulah, Amin, Elfarnawany, Amr, Al Garni, Turki, Hersi, Ahmad S., Alshehri, Mohammed, Almahmeed, Wael, Yousif, Nooraldaem, Abuelatta, Reda, Alasmari, Abdulaziz, Elsheikh-Mohamed, Nezar Essam, Alzahrani, Badr, Ghani, Mohamed Ajaz, Amin, Haitham, Hashmani, Shahrukh, Hiremath, Niranjan, Alshali, Khalid Z., Elmahrouk, Youssef, Kazim, Hameedullah M., Refaat, Wael, Selim, Ehab, Jamjoom, Ahmed, Feteih, Maun N., El-Sayed, Osama, Al-Faifi, Salem M., Dahdouh, Ziad, Aithal, Jairam, Ibrahim, Ahmed M., Elganady, Abdelmaksoud, Qutub, Mohammed A., Alama, Mohamed N., Abohasan, Abdulwali, Hassan, Taher, Balghith, Mohammed, Hussien, Adnan Fathey, Abdulhabeeb, Ibrahim A.M., Ahmad, Osama, Ramadan, Mohamed, Alqahtani, Abdulrahman H., Abumelha, Bader K., Qenawi, Wael, Shawky, Ahmed, Ghonim, Ahmed A., Elmahrouk, Ahmed, Alhamid, Sameer, Maghrabi, Mohamed, Haddara, Mamdouh M., Aljohar, Alwaleed, Hurley, William T., Alshahrani, Saif S., Lotfi, Amir
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-01-2023
• Subjects: Coronary artery bypass grafting; Coronary Artery Disease - diagnostic imaging; Coronary Artery Disease - surgery; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus - diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology; Heart Failure - etiology; Humans; Left main disease; Myocardial Revascularization; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - adverse effects; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Left main disease; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Diabetes; Coronary artery bypass grafting
• ISSN: 1553-8389; 1878-0938
• DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2022.08.002

Real-world data for managing patients with diabetes and left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease are scarce. We compared percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) outcomes versus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in diabetes and LMCA disease patients.
We retrospectively studied patients with LMCA presented to 14 centers from 2015 to 2019. The study included 2138 patients with unprotected LMCA disease; 1468 (68.7 %) had diabetes. Patients were grouped into; diabetes with PCI (n = 804) or CABG (n = 664) and non-diabetes with PCI (n = 418) or CABG (n = 252).
In diabetes, cardiac (34 (5.1 %) vs. 22 (2.7 %); P = 0.016), non-cardiac (13 (2 %) vs. 6 (0.7 %); P = 0.027) and total hospital mortality (47 (7.1 %) vs. 28 (3.5 %); P = 0.0019), myocardial infarction (45 (6.8 %) vs. 11 (1.4 %); P = 0.001), cerebrovascular events (25 (3.8 %) vs. 12 (1.5 %); P = 0.005) and minor bleeding (65 (9.8 %) vs. 50 (6.2 %); P = 0.006) were significantly higher in CABG patients compared to PCI; respectively. The median follow-up time was 20 (10–37) months. In diabetes, total mortality was higher in CABG (P = 0.001) while congestive heart failure was higher in PCI (P = 0.001). There were no differences in major adverse cerebrovascular events and target lesion revascularization between PCI and CABG. Predictors of mortality in diabetes were high anatomical SYNTAX, peripheral arterial disease, chronic kidney disease, and cardiogenic shock.
In this multicenter retrospective study, we found no significant difference in clinical outcomes during the short-term follow-up between PCI with second-generation DES and CABG except for lower total mortality and a higher rate of congestive heart failure in PCI group of patients. Randomized trials to characterize patients who could benefit from each treatment option are needed.
•The optimal revascularization strategy for left main coronary artery disease in diabetes patients is controversial•In this multicenter retrospective study, 69% of patients with unprotected LMCA disease had diabetes•There is no difference in cardiac death, TLR, TVR, and MACCE at a median of 20 months follow-up between PCI with DES and CABG•Total mortality is lower in PCI vs. CABG in diabetes. However, congestive heart failure is higher in the PCI group of patients