Addressing Nonpoint Sources of Water Pollution Must Become an International Priority

• Published in: Water science and technology Vol. 28; no. 3-5; pp. 1 - 11
• Main Author: Duda, A M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London IWA Publishing 01-08-1993
• Subjects: Acidification; Agricultural land; Agricultural management; Agricultural pollution; Agricultural wastes; Agronomy; Atmospheric pollution deposition; Barriers; Contaminated sediments; Damage; Developed countries; Economic development; Economic models; Economics; Ecosystem management; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Hazardous waste sites; Hazardous wastes; Nonpoint source pollution; Nonpoint sources; Pollution; Pollution abatement; Pollution control; Pollution sources; Rural areas; Sediment pollution; Sediments; Sewage; Subsistence agriculture; Sustainable development; Toxic substances; Transboundary pollution; Urban areas; Waste disposal sites; Water pollution; Water quality; Water resources; Water resources management; Water wells; Waterborne diseases
• ISSN: 0273-1223; 1996-9732
• DOI: 10.2166/wst.1993.0398

The nature and significance of nonpoint sources of surface and groundwater pollution are examined in this review. Examples are given from across the globe illustrating extensive economic, environmental, and human health damage from these diffuse sources. Agricultural sources, both subsistence farming and irrigated cropland, were found to cause the most widespread water quality problems worldwide. In the least developed nations, areawide releases of human sewage – especially near rural groundwater wells and in burgeoning urban areas – cause the most serious damage with an estimated one billion people suffering from waterborne diseases at any one time. In Europe, the former Soviet Union, and North America, leaking hazardous waste sites, contaminated sediments, and atmospheric deposition of acidifying and toxic substances pose complex challenges in addition to the agricultural pollution sources; and transboundary pollution abatement to restore large waterbodies is becoming a priority for foreign aid assistance. Institutional and cultural barriers to pollution abatement can be overcome by including interventions as integral parts of sustainable economic development initiatives. Through a comprehensive, ecosystem-based approach to water resources management, progress in controlling nonpoint source pollution can be made.