Restless legs syndrome: a rarity in the Nigerian pregnant population?

• Published in: Sleep medicine Vol. 43; pp. 47 - 53
• Main Authors: Fawale, Michael B., Ismaila, Isiaka A., Kullima, Abubakar A., Komolafe, Morenikeji A., Ijarotimi, Omotade A., Olowookere, Samuel Anu, Oluyombo, Rotimi, Adedeji, Tewogbade Adeoye
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-03-2018
• Subjects: African; Nigerian; Non-pregnant women; Pregnancy; Restless legs syndrome; Pregnancy; Restless legs syndrome; Non-pregnant women; Nigerian; African
• ISSN: 1389-9457; 1878-5506
• DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.01.002

The prevalence of RLS in pregnancy is higher when compared with the general population however it remains unknown among indigenous black Africans. Available data indicate that RLS is uncommon in sub-Saharan Africa. We embarked on this study to determine the prevalence and characteristics of RLS in an antenatal clinic sample of Nigerian pregnant women compared with a primary care sample of non-pregnant women.
A total of 310 pregnant women and non-pregnant women filled out a questionnaire which incorporated the 2014 minimal criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Demographic and clinical data, including sleep duration and samples for blood hemoglobin concentration and urinalysis were obtained.
The mean ages of the pregnant and non-pregnant women were 24.9 ± 5.6 years and 23.6 + 5.4 years, respectively (p = 0.003). There was no case of RLS found among pregnant women while five (1.6%) of the non-pregnant women fulfilled the criteria for RLS. Overall, the prevalence report of RLS symptoms was associated with lower mean habitual nocturnal sleep duration (p < 0.05) coffee (p = 0.013) and kola nut (0.023) consumption, report of leg cramps (p < 0.001) and proteinuria (p = 0.047), Report of leg cramps and proteinuria were independently associated with RLS.
The prevalence of restless legs syndrome is low among women of child-bearing age in the Nigerian population and may be lower in pregnancy. Report of leg cramps and proteinuria are independently associated with RLS.
•The prevalence of RLS is low among women of child-bearing age in the Nigerian population and may be lower in pregnancy.•Report of leg cramps and proteinuria are independently associated with RLS.•A careful consideration of RLS as a differential diagnosis in women complaining of leg cramps is indicated.