Adaptive robust observer-based control for structural load mitigation and speed regulation in commercial wind turbines

• Published in: IEEE access Vol. 12; p. 1
• Main Authors: Kipchirchir, Edwin, Do, M. Hung, Njiri, Jackson G., Soffker, Dirk
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 01-01-2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Adaptation models; Adaptive control; Blades; Control methods; Controllers; Disturbance accommodating control; Dynamic loads; Impact damage; load mitigation; Load modeling; Pitch (inclination); Poles and towers; Proportional integral; Reduced order models; Reduction; Regulation; Robust control; Rotor blades; Rotor blades (turbomachinery); Rotor speed; Rotors; Service life; Speed control; Uncertainty; Wind speed; wind turbine; Wind turbines
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3375115

As the size of wind turbines (WTs) increases, an additional increase in the structural load on the WT components is to be expected. This will have an impact on operational safety in terms of damage and service life. Spatial and temporal fluctuations in wind speed are responsible for the fatigue load during power generation. To minimize the effects of varying stresses, advanced control systems that incorporate appropriate models of the disturbances are proposed. These controllers are usually developed based on reduced-order models of nonlinear WTs so that they can minimize uncertainties such as modeling errors. Although robust controllers are able to deal with uncertainties, they are still only developed for design situations. Therefore, their performance can deteriorate significantly under very uncertain operating conditions. Adaptive controllers, on the other hand, are designed to consider multiple operating points in the design. However, most of these methods do not consider the optimization of different objectives in the design for structural load reduction or speed control of WTs. In this paper, a novel adaptive robust observer-based control strategy for structural load reduction and rotor speed regulation of commercial WTs operating at higher wind speed is proposed. To achieve this, a robust disturbance accommodating controller (RDAC) is combined with an adaptive pitch controller (aIPC). This adapts to changing operating points. The proposed control method is tested on a 1.5 MW reference WT (RWT) developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The simulation results show that, compared with the state of the art presented on a gain-scheduled proportional integral (GSPI) and RDAC controllers, the proposed control method reduces the structural load on the rotor blades by 10.7 % and 9.2 %, respectively, and on the tower by 36.2 % and 8.4 %, respectively. It therefore makes a key contribution to mitigating the structural dynamic loads on the WT by reducing the load on several WT components. This is achieved without any significant impact on the rotor speed and power control or the generated power under changing operating conditions.