Opioid-free general anaesthesia for transthoracic oesophagectomy: does it improve postoperative analgesia and other recovery criteria? A prospective randomised study

• Published in: Ain-Shams journal of anesthesiology Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 1 - 10
• Main Authors: Abdelrahman, Tamer Nabil, Algharabawy, Wael Sayed
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 16-08-2021; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Anesthesia; Critical Care Medicine; Dexmedetomidine; Hemoglobin; Intensive; Ketamine; Lidocaine; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Narcotics; Opioid-based anaesthesia; Opioid-free anaesthesia; Original Article; Oxygen saturation; Surgery; Transthoracic oesophagectomy; Opioid-free anaesthesia; Ketamine; Transthoracic oesophagectomy; Lidocaine; Opioid-based anaesthesia; Dexmedetomidine
• ISSN: 2090-925X; 1687-7934; 2090-925X
• DOI: 10.1186/s42077-021-00170-6

Background
Side effects related to intraoperative opioid administration are well known. Recently, it was found that opioids may inhibit cellular immunity through their effects on natural killer cell activity, stimulate angiogenesis and accentuate cancer cell growth. Hence, peri-operative use of opioids might affect long-term oncological outcomes in cancer surgical patients. Opioid-free anaesthesia (OFA) is a methodology that dodges narcotic use during anaesthesia by using blends of several drugs added to common anaesthetic agents.
The study aims to test the impact of OFA in transthoracic oesophagectomy in comparison with opioid-based anaesthesia technique (OBA) on postoperative analgesia and recovery criteria (hemodynamics, respiratory rate and haemoglobin oxygen saturation).
Results
The postoperative VAS was significantly lower in OFA group (A) than OBA group (B) in the measured time points (immediate postextubation, 30 min, 2 and 4 h postoperative) with
P
values 0.001, 0.001, 0.0012 and 0.0065 respectively. The time passed till first rescue analgesia requested was significantly longer in OFA group (A) than OBA group (B) and the total dose of rescue analgesia given to the patients were significantly higher in group B than group A. The recorded postoperative respiratory rate was significantly faster in OBA group (B) than OFA group (A), and the haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SPO
2
) showed statistically significant lower values in the OBA group (B) than the OFA group (A).
Conclusions
We emphasise the perioperative safety and efficacy of the opioid-free anaesthesia techniques provided for transthoracic oesophagectomy with better postoperative analgesia and other post recovery criteria.
Trial registration
We carried out our trial at Ain-Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt, between June 2020 and November 2020. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University and then registered in the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (
https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/
) with the following ID (PACTR202010907549506).