Modeling and Analysis of Cooperative Packet Recovery Protocol

• Published in: IEEE access Vol. 12; pp. 56334 - 56343
• Main Authors: Naeem, Muhammad, Atif, Muhammad, Ali, Arshad, Gulzar, Maryam, Hasrat, Imran Riaz
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Audio data; Automata; Automata theory; Distributed algorithm; Distributed algorithms; formal specification; Formal specifications; linear temporal logic; Model checking; Multimedia; packet recovery; Packets (communication); Protocol; Protocols; Quality of service; Quality of service architectures; Real-time systems; Recovery; Servers; Streaming media; Video broadcasting; video distribution; Video transmission; Videos
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3389738

Real-time audio/video transmission through Internet media is an important part of communication. Due to bandwidth limitations and a noisy environment, delivery of multimedia content to a remote location is not 100% guaranteed. These limitations are the basic cause of missing packets which affect the Quality of Service (QoS). A protocol for the recovery of lost packets is described in [Maxemchuk, Nicholas F., K. Padmanabhan, and S. Lo. "A cooperative packet recovery protocol for multicast video." Network Protocols, 1997. Proc. of 1997 International Conference on. IEEE]. This protocol claims significant improvement in QoS. We formally specify the protocol in a network of timed automata. By model-checking (A mathematical technique), we find that packet recovery is not always there. In this article, We report such scenarios of malfunctioning in the protocol when the size of multimedia contents is known (e.g., live video/audio broadcasting) and middle-level servers have different rates of data sending and receiving. We formulate the effect of inter-packet delay and transmission speed difference on a buffer.