Sacubitril/valsartan versus enalapril on exercise capacity in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study

• Published in: The American heart journal Vol. 239; pp. 1 - 10
• Main Authors: dos Santos, Marcelo Rodrigues, Alves, Maria-Janieire de Nazaré Nunes, Jordão, Camila Paixão, Pinto, Caio Eduardo Novaes, Correa, Kelly Thayane Souza, de Souza, Francis Ribeiro, da Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto, Tomaz Filho, Joaquim, Costa, Marcel, Pereira, Rosa Maria Rodrigues, Negrão, Carlos Eduardo, Barretto, Antônio Carlos Pereira
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia Elsevier Inc 01-09-2021; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Active control; Anaerobic threshold; Cardiac function; Clinical trials; Congestive heart failure; Dosage; Double-blind studies; Drug dosages; Ejection fraction; Exercise; Heart failure; Hypotension; Measuring instruments; Muscle strength; Oxygen consumption; Physical fitness; Ventricle
• ISSN: 0002-8703; 1097-6744
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.05.005

Sacubitril/valsartan reduces mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) when compared with enalapril. However, it is unknown the effect of both treatments on exercise capacity. We compared sacubitril/valsartan versus enalapril in patients with HFrEF based on peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and 6-minute walk test (6-MWT).
We included 52 participants with HFrEF with a left ventricular ejection fraction <40% to receive either sacubitril/valsartan (target dose of 400 mg daily) or enalapril (target dose of 40 mg daily). Peak VO2 was measured by using cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Six-minute walk test was also performed.
At 12 weeks, the sacubitril/valsartan (mean dose 382.6 ± 57.6 mg daily) group had increased peak VO2 of 13.1% (19.35 ± 0.99 to 21.89 ± 1.04 mL/kg/min) and enalapril (mean dose 34.4 ± 9.2 mg daily) 5.6% (18.58 ± 1.19 to 19.62 ± 1.25 mL/kg/min). However, no difference was found between groups (P = .332 interaction). At 24 weeks, peak VO2 increased 13.5% (19.35 ± 0.99 to 21.96 ± 0.98 mL/kg/min) and 12.0% (18.58 ± 1.19 to 20.82 ± 1.18 mL/kg/min) in sacubitril/valsartan (mean dose 400 ± 0 mg daily) and enalapril (mean dose 32.7 ± 11.0 mg daily), respectively. However, no differences were found between groups (P= .332 interaction). At 12 weeks, 6-MWT increased in both groups (sacubitril/valsartan: 459 ± 18 to 488 ± 17 meters [6.3%] and enalapril: 443 ± 22 to 477 ± 21 meters [7.7%]). At 24 weeks, sacubitril/valsartan increased 18.3% from baseline (543 ± 26 meters) and enalapril decreased slightly to 6.8% (473 ± 31 meters), but no differences existed between groups (P= .257 interaction).
Compared to enalapril, sacubitril/valsartan did not substantially improve peak VO2 or 6-MWT after 12 or 24 weeks in participants with HFrEF.
(NEPRIExTol-HF Trial, ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03190304)