In-Orbit External Calibration Method for Synthetic Aperture Radiometer

• Published in: IEEE journal of selected topics in applied earth observations and remote sensing Vol. 14; pp. 3763 - 3773
• Main Authors: Wang, Jiakun, Li, Yinan, Chen, Wenxin, Jin, Pengju, Lu, Hailiang, Yang, Xiaojiao, Song, Guangnan, Li, Pengfei, Li, Hao, Lv, Rongchuan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 2021; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Antenna error; Antennas; Aperture antennas; Azimuth; Calibration; Correlation; Errors; external calibration; Extraterrestrial measurements; Feasibility; Feasibility studies; Image quality; in-orbit; Layouts; Microwave imagery; Microwave radiometry; Quality control; Radiometers; Receiving antennas; synthetic aperture radiometer; Synthetic apertures; Systematic errors
• ISSN: 1939-1404; 2151-1535
• DOI: 10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3066488

The effective calibration of systematic errors is a precondition for high-quality images from a synthetic aperture radiometer system. The receiving channel errors can be relatively well calibrated, but antenna errors cannot be calibrated effectively in-orbit. This article proposes an in-orbit external antenna error calibration method for synthetic aperture radiometers using external calibration point sources on the ground. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of the method. The layout of on-ground calibration point sources was then explored. Our results indicate that is sufficient to adjust the power of the calibration point sources when SNR is 30 dB, and that the calibration requirements can initially be met with three calibration point sources. If better calibration effect is required, eight calibration point sources are sufficient. Nonrepeated and uniform azimuth angle schemes appear to be the optimal layout for operating the proposed method, but adjustments can be made as necessary to suit the situation at hand. Finally, a feasible implementation scheme was established. The proposed method has certain reference value in terms of image quality improvement and practical engineering applications.