A Fair Incentive Scheme for Participation of Smart Inverters in Voltage Control

• Published in: IEEE transactions on industrial informatics Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 656 - 665
• Main Authors: Dewangan, Chaman Lal, Chakrabarti, Saikat, Singh, Sri Niwas, Sharma, Madhav
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 01-01-2022; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Accounting; Active control; Active power curtailment (APC); Alternative energy sources; Cost analysis; distribution system (DS); Economic indicators; incentive scheme; Incentive schemes; Inverters; Low voltage; Power flow; Reactive power; Renewable energy sources; Renewable resources; smart inverter; Voltage control; Voltage limit violations
• ISSN: 1551-3203; 1941-0050
• DOI: 10.1109/TII.2021.3053757

The increasing trend of renewable energy sources integration in the distribution systems may cause voltage fluctuations and voltage limit violations. The smart inverters with reactive power capability and active power curtailment (APC) control can solve the grid voltage issues. In this article, three-phase optimal power flow (TPOPF) is applied to dispatch the APC and reactive power injection (RPI) of inverters. The TPOPF takes smart meter measurements as inputs. The nonproportional APC and proportional APC are examined. In this article, a fair incentive scheme for APC by the inverters is proposed, appropriate for both utility and renewable energy producers. Similarly, unequal RPI and equal RPI by the inverters to maintain the system voltage are studied. The RPI incentive scheme is analyzed by accounting for the costs incurred in overrating of the inverters, power losses, and life reduction due to reactive power supplied by the inverters. The effective location of inverters for APC and RPI in the distribution network is explored. The incentive schemes are implemented in 27-node distribution system and IEEE European low-voltage distribution system.