Mycobacterium tuberculosis latent infection in healthcare students: systematic review of prevalence

• Published in: Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P Vol. 58; p. e20230238
• Main Authors: Lima, Renata Silva de, Silva, Rodrigo Nogueira da, André, Suzana Rosa, Pinheiro, Ana Kedma Correa, Sousa, Ana Inês, Silva, Ingrid Fabiane Santos da, Santos, Juliano Dos, Nogueira, Laura Maria Vidal, Zeitoune, Regina Célia Gollner
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Brazil Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem 2024
• Subjects: NURSING; Metanálise; Meta-Analysis; Metaanálisis; Prevalence; Systematic Review; Prevalência; Revisión Sistemática; Tuberculosis Latente; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Students; Revisão Sistemática; Prevalencia; Estudiantes; Tuberculose Latente; Estudantes; Latent Tuberculosis
• ISSN: 1980-220X; 1980-220X
• DOI: 10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2023-0238en

The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among undergraduate health care students.
A systematic review of prevalence with meta-analysis was conducted. Prospective and retrospective cohorts and cross-sectional studies involving probable exposure to M. tuberculosis during undergraduate education, along with the tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) for investigation of latent tuberculosis were searched. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Independent reviewers were responsible for the selection and inclusion of studies. Data were extracted, critically appraised, and synthesized using the JBI approach. PRISMA was used to report the study.
Twenty-two studies were analyzed. The overall prevalence in healthcare undergraduate students was 12.53%.
The prevalence of LTBI in undergraduate health students was high for such a highly educated population. Screening with TST and/or IGRA and chemoprophylaxis, when necessary, should be provided to undergraduate health students when in contact with respiratory symptomatic patients.