Outcome of superficial brachial axial pattern flaps used to close skin defects in dogs: 16 cases (1996‐2019)

• Published in: Journal of small animal practice Vol. 63; no. 2; pp. 136 - 141
• Main Authors: Villedieu, E., Nolff, M. C., Del Magno, S., Emmerson, T., Field, E., Hattersley, R., De La Puerta, B., Ragni, R. A., Baines, S. J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-02-2022; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Animals; Complications; Dehiscence; Dogs; Edema; Medical records; Necrosis; Postoperative; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures - veterinary; Skin; Skin Transplantation - veterinary; Surgery; Surgical Flaps - veterinary; Treatment Outcome; Tumors; Wound Healing
• ISSN: 0022-4510; 1748-5827
• DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13435

Objectives
To report the complication rate, type of complications and outcome of the superficial brachial axial pattern flap when used for closure of skin defects in dogs.
Materials and Methods
Medical records of dogs treated with a superficial brachial axial pattern flap for closure of a skin defect were reviewed. Information regarding signalment, reason for axial pattern flap use, skin flap size, flap healing, postoperative complications and need for revision surgery was collected.
Results
Sixteen dogs were included in the study. Indications for the superficial brachial axial pattern flap included closure following tumour removal (15/16, 94%) and management of a non‐healing wound on the olecranon (1/16, 6%). Postoperative complications occurred in all dogs and included partial dehiscence (7/16, 44%), partial flap necrosis (6/16. 38%), seroma formation (5/16, 31%), flap oedema (3/16, 19%) and complete flap necrosis (2/16, 13%). Eight flaps (50%) healed without open wound management or additional surgery. Five dogs required open wound management without additional surgery, and three dogs (19%) required revision surgery.
Clinical Significance
Use of the superficial brachial axial pattern flap was associated with a high rate of complications. Most complications were managed without additional surgery and all wounds eventually healed, in some cases after prolonged open wound management.