Evaluation of the biocompatibility of resin composite‐based dental materials with gingival mesenchymal stromal cells

• Published in: Microscopy research and technique Vol. 82; no. 10; pp. 1768 - 1778
• Main Authors: Cândea Ciurea, Andreea, Şurlin, Petra, Stratul, Ştefan‐Ioan, Soancă, Andrada, Roman, Alexandra, Moldovan, Mărioara, Tudoran B., Lucian, Pall, Emoke
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-10-2019; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Acrylic Resins - toxicity; Assaying; Biocompatibility; Biocompatible Materials - toxicity; Biological effects; Biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Cell Adhesion - drug effects; Cell culture; Cell Movement - drug effects; Cell proliferation; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cell Survival - drug effects; Cells, Cultured; Composite materials; Composite Resins - toxicity; Cytotoxicity; Dental caries; Dental cement; Dental materials; Dental restorative materials; Elution; Ethyl carbamate; Gingiva; Gingiva - drug effects; High performance liquid chromatography; Humans; Investigations; Liquid chromatography; Materials Testing; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - drug effects; Mesenchyme; Monomers; ormocer; Polymer matrix composites; Polyurethanes - toxicity; resin composite; Resins; Saliva; Scanning electron microscopy; Scanning transmission electron microscopy; Stem cells; Stromal cells; Toxicity; Viability; stem cells; ormocer; gingiva; biocompatibility; resin composite
• ISSN: 1059-910X; 1097-0029
• DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23343

Resin composite‐based dental materials can leach certain components into the oral environment, causing potentially harmful gingival biological effect. Gingival tissue is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that is easily accessible, and can be used as a complementary approach for the investigation of dental material biocompatibility. Using gingival MSCs (gMSCs), the present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of two classes of restorative dental materials (ormocers and resin composites) used to restore class II cavities close to the gingival margin, in addition to analyzing the leached compounds from these resin composite‐based materials. Functionality assays (Colony‐forming unit, migratory potential, and proliferation assays) and a viability assay (MTT) were employed. Cells' aspect was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Leached monomers were also quantitated using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cytotoxicity of the biomaterials was highlighted by impaired functionality and diminished viability of gMSCs. Despite being variants of the same commercial material, the two ormocers behaved differently one material having a more negative impact on cell functionality than the other. Cells appeared to attach well to all materials. Main monomer molecules were mostly released by the tested materials. For all samples, an increased elution of monomers was recorded in artificial saliva as compared with culture medium. One composite material has released nearly eight times more urethane dimetacrylate in artificial saliva than in culture medium. Significantly lower gMSC viability scores were recorded for all the investigated samples in comparison with the control.
Gingival mesenchymal stem cells present numerous cytoplasmic processes that appear to maintain attachment to the dental restorative ormocer material.
All tested dental materials induced a cytotoxic effect as highlighted by impaired functionality and diminished viability of gMSCs.
The major monomer molecules released by the tested materials were BisGMA and UDMA.