Intrathecal catheter use after accidental dural puncture in obstetric patients: literature review and clinical management recommendations

• Published in: Anaesthesia Vol. 76; no. 8; pp. 1111 - 1121
• Main Authors: Orbach‐Zinger, S., Jadon, A., Lucas, D. N., Sia, A. T., Tsen, L. C., Van de Velde, M., Heesen, M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-08-2021
• Subjects: accidental dural puncture; Analgesia; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Bradycardia; Catheters; Cerebrospinal fluid; Complications; epidural analgesia: complications; Fetuses; Headache; Headaches; Hypotension; Injection; Labeling; Lipophilic; Literature reviews; Medical instruments; Morphine; Narcotics; Opioids; Pain perception; post‐dural puncture headache; Thorax; Titration; epidural analgesia: complications; post-dural puncture headache; accidental dural puncture
• ISSN: 0003-2409; 1365-2044
• DOI: 10.1111/anae.15390

Summary
If an accidental dural puncture occurs, one option is to insert a catheter and use it as an intrathecal catheter. This avoids the need for a further injection and can rapidly provide labour analgesia and anaesthesia for caesarean section. However, there are no recommendations for managing intrathecal catheters and, therefore, significant variation in clinical practice exists. Mismanagement of the intrathecal catheter can lead to increased motor block, high spinal anaesthesia, drug error, hypotension and fetal bradycardia. Care must be taken with an intrathecal catheter to adhere to strict aseptic technique, meticulous labelling, cautious administration of medications and good communication with the patient and other staff. Every institution considering the use of intrathecal catheters should establish a protocol. For labour analgesia, we recommend the use of dilute local anaesthetic agents and opioids. For caesarean section anaesthesia, gradual titration to the level of the fourth thoracic dermatome, with full monitoring, in a facility equipped to manage complications, should be performed using local anaesthetics combined with lipophilic opioids and morphine or diamorphine. Although evidence of the presence and duration of intrathecal catheters on the development of post‐dural puncture headache and need for epidural blood patch is limited, we suggest considering leaving the intrathecal catheter in for 24 hours to reduce the chance of developing a post‐dural puncture headache while maintaining precautions to avoid drug error and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Injection of sterile normal saline into the intrathecal catheter may reduce post‐dural puncture headache. The level of evidence for these recommendations was low.