Early detection of pancreatic cancer by comprehensive serum miRNA sequencing with automated machine learning

• Published in: British journal of cancer Vol. 131; no. 7; pp. 1158 - 1168
• Main Authors: Kawai, Munenori, Fukuda, Akihisa, Otomo, Ryo, Obata, Shunsuke, Minaga, Kosuke, Asada, Masanori, Umemura, Atsushi, Uenoyama, Yoshito, Hieda, Nobuhiro, Morita, Toshihiro, Minami, Ryuki, Marui, Saiko, Yamauchi, Yuki, Nakai, Yoshitaka, Takada, Yutaka, Ikuta, Kozo, Yoshioka, Takuto, Mizukoshi, Kenta, Iwane, Kosuke, Yamakawa, Go, Namikawa, Mio, Sono, Makoto, Nagao, Munemasa, Maruno, Takahisa, Nakanishi, Yuki, Hirai, Mitsuharu, Kanda, Naoki, Shio, Seiji, Itani, Toshinao, Fujii, Shigehiko, Kimura, Toshiyuki, Matsumura, Kazuyoshi, Ohana, Masaya, Yazumi, Shujiro, Kawanami, Chiharu, Yamashita, Yukitaka, Marusawa, Hiroyuki, Watanabe, Tomohiro, Ito, Yoshito, Kudo, Masatoshi, Seno, Hiroshi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 19-10-2024; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/67/2322; 692/4028/67/1504/1713; Adult; Aged; Automation; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor - blood; Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; CA-19-9 Antigen - blood; Cancer Research; Case-Control Studies; Drug Resistance; Early Detection of Cancer - methods; Epidemiology; Female; Humans; Learning algorithms; Machine Learning; Male; MicroRNAs; MicroRNAs - blood; Middle Aged; miRNA; Molecular Medicine; Oncology; Pancreatic cancer; Pancreatic Neoplasms - blood; Pancreatic Neoplasms - diagnosis; Pancreatic Neoplasms - genetics
• ISSN: 0007-0920; 1532-1827; 1532-1827
• DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02794-5

Background
Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed at advanced stages, and early-stage diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is difficult because of nonspecific symptoms and lack of available biomarkers.
Methods
We performed comprehensive serum miRNA sequencing of 212 pancreatic cancer patient samples from 14 hospitals and 213 non-cancerous healthy control samples. We randomly classified the pancreatic cancer and control samples into two cohorts: a training cohort (
N
 = 185) and a validation cohort (
N
 = 240). We created ensemble models that combined automated machine learning with 100 highly expressed miRNAs and their combination with CA19-9 and validated the performance of the models in the independent validation cohort.
Results
The diagnostic model with the combination of the 100 highly expressed miRNAs and CA19-9 could discriminate pancreatic cancer from non-cancer healthy control with high accuracy (area under the curve (AUC), 0.99; sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 98%). We validated high diagnostic accuracy in an independent asymptomatic early-stage (stage 0-I) pancreatic cancer cohort (AUC:0.97; sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 98%).
Conclusions
We demonstrate that the 100 highly expressed miRNAs and their combination with CA19-9 could be biomarkers for the specific and early detection of pancreatic cancer.