Management of Suprasellar Arachnoid Cysts in Children: A Systematic Literature Review Highlighting Modern Endoscopic Approaches

• Published in: World neurosurgery Vol. 141; pp. e316 - e323
• Main Authors: Kelly, Katherine A., Sherburn, Madeleine M., Sellyn, Georgina E., Ahluwalia, Ranbir, Foster, Jarrett, Shannon, Chevis N., Bonfield, Christopher M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-09-2020
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Arachnoid Cysts - surgery; Child; Child, Preschool; Endoscopic surgery; Female; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Neuroendoscopy - methods; Prepontine arachnoid cysts; Suprasellar arachnoid cysts; Ventriculocystocisternostomy; Ventriculocystostomy; Young Adult; Ventriculocystocisternostomy; Endoscopic surgery; Ventriculocystostomy; Hydrocephalus; Suprasellar arachnoid cysts; CSF; VCC; Prepontine arachnoid cysts; CP; VC
• ISSN: 1878-8750; 1878-8769
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.122

Suprasellar arachnoid cysts are a rare but important pediatric neurosurgical pathology with unknown ideal management. They have been previously managed with techniques including open craniotomy with microsurgical fenestration, cystoperitoneal shunting, endoscopic ventriculocystostomy, and endoscopic ventriculocystocisternostomy (VCC), without a consistent consensus on the best surgical approach. We present an overview of the literature on surgical management of suprasellar arachnoid cysts.
A literature search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted for all articles evaluating treatment modalities for suprasellar arachnoid cysts, using PubMed, OVID, and Web of Science.
Twenty-five articles on management of suprasellar arachnoid cysts in children were identified. Few published studies exist that examine different types of surgical management across a single institution. The majority of studies reported best clinical outcomes in patients treated with endoscopic approaches when compared with microsurgical fenestration or cystoperitoneal shunting, reporting lower rates of infection, shunt dependence, and need for revision in addition to better resolution of clinical symptoms. Furthermore, most studies argue that VCC is superior to ventriculocystostomy, offering better long-term improvement of clinical symptoms and lower rates of failure.
This study examines the current literature on suprasellar arachnoid cyst surgical management to conclude that an endoscopic approach in comparison with other approaches has the best outcomes. Of the endoscopic options available, VCC provides patients with the best long-term resolution of symptoms and the lowest need for revision. These findings should be further investigated with larger multicenter studies to further compare different surgical techniques and outcomes.