Corn-derived alpha-D-glucan nanoparticles as adjuvant for intramuscular and intranasal immunization in pigs

• Published in: Nanomedicine Vol. 16; pp. 226 - 235
• Main Authors: Dhakal, Santosh, Lu, Fangjia, Ghimire, Shristi, Renu, Sankar, Lakshmanappa, Yashavanth Shaan, Hogshead, Bradley T., Ragland, Darryl, HogenEsch, Harm, Renukaradhya, Gourapura J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-02-2019
• Subjects: Adjuvant; Nano-11; Nanoparticles; Pigs; Swine influenza virus; Nanoparticles; Swine influenza virus; Pigs; Adjuvant; Nano-11
• ISSN: 1549-9634; 1549-9642
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.12.003

Adjuvant potential of positively charged corn-derived nanoparticles (Nano-11) was earlier revealed in mice. We evaluated its adjuvant role to electrostatically adsorbed inactivated/killed swine influenza virus antigen (KAg) (Nano-11 + KAg) in pigs. Nano-11 facilitated the uptake of KAg by antigen presenting cells and induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. In pigs vaccinated by an intranasal mist containing Nano-11 + KAg, expression of T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 transcription factors and secretion of cross-reactive influenza antigen-specific mucosal IgA in the nasal cavity were observed. The enhanced frequencies of IFN-γ positive T-helper and cytotoxic T-cells in Nano-11 + KAg-vaccinates after heterologous virus challenge were also observed. Clinically, slightly reduced influenza signs and pneumonic lesions, with mild reduction in virus load in the respiratory tract of vaccinates were observed. In pigs immunized with Nano-11 adsorbed ovalbumin administered by intramuscular (IM) route, enhanced IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies were detected in serum. Thus, Nano-11 vaccine delivery system confers adjuvant effect in pigs.
Sweet corn-derived positively charged nanoparticles (Nano-11) showed adjuvant property in pigs. Nano-11 enhanced antigen uptake by porcine antigen presenting cells and induced the secretion of innate and proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. In vivo Nano-11 significantly improved antigen specific IgG and IgA antibody responses in intramuscular and intranasal immunized pigs, respectively. Hence, Nano-11 can be considered as an alternative adjuvant to use in vaccine formulations. [Display omitted]