Combined Impact of Ultrasound Pre-treatment and Hydrodistillation on Bioactive Compounds and GC–MS Analysis of Cinnamomum cassia Bark Extract

• Published in: Waste and biomass valorization Vol. 12; no. 2; pp. 807 - 821
• Main Authors: Jadhav, Harshit, Jadhav, Ankit, Morabiya, Yogesh, Takkalkar, Pooja, Qureshi, Sundus Saeed, Baloch, A. G., Nizamuddin, Sabzoi, Mazari, Shaukat Ali, Abro, Rashid, Mubarak, N. M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-02-2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Bark; Bioactive compounds; Biological activity; Cinnamomum cassia; Energy consumption; Engineering; Environment; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology; Essential oils; Gas chromatography; Industrial Pollution Prevention; Infrared spectroscopy; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Mathematical models; Original Paper; Parameters; Plant extracts; Plant species; Pretreatment; Process variables; Renewable and Green Energy; Solvents; Taguchi methods; Ultrasonic imaging; Ultrasonic testing; Ultrasound; Volatile compounds; Waste Management/Waste Technology; Single factor experiment; GC–MS; Essential oil; oil; UAHD; Taguchi method
• ISSN: 1877-2641; 1877-265X
• DOI: 10.1007/s12649-020-01031-3

The extraction of concentrated volatile oils from various plant species is generally carried out by hydrodistillation technique. However, this hydrodistillation technique is expensive owing to more solvent and energy consumption. In this study, effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment prior to hydrodistillation on extraction of
Cinnamomum cassia
bark oil was evaluated. Process variables for extraction were optimized by Taguchi method. Results revealed that ultrasound pre-treatment hydrodistillation (UAHD) can enhance the yield of the extracted oil when compared with conventional hydrodistillation (HD) technique. To predict the yield of the extracted essential oil significant mathematical model was developed. Optimum parameters were determined according to the mathematical model they were: solid loading 25 g, ultrasound power 600 W, extraction time 35 min, and solvent quantity 100 ml. Further, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) results of
C. cassia
bark oil revealed that UAHD produced more oxygenated compounds than HD extraction method. In addition, UAHD was found to be less energy consuming and environmentally safer than HD extraction method. Moreover, FT-IR spectra indicate that the effect of UAHD extraction method released all the volatile compounds from treated
C. cassia
bark powder. Finally, the optimum parameters were confirmed by the experiments performed, in which the yield of the oil of 3.17% was obtained. This study demonstrated that ultrasound pre-treatment prior to hydrodistillation could be useful to extract bioactive compounds with reduction in extraction time for extraction of
C. cassia
bark oil.
Graphic Abstract