Preservation of Hypothalamic Function with Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Hypothalamus-Invaded Craniopharyngiomas

• Published in: World neurosurgery Vol. 132; pp. e841 - e851
• Main Authors: Yang, Le, Xie, Shen Hao, Fang, Chao, Zeng, Er Ming, Tang, Bin, Hong, Tao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-12-2019
• Subjects: Body Mass Index; Craniopharyngioma; Craniopharyngioma - complications; Craniopharyngioma - pathology; Craniopharyngioma - surgery; Diabetes Insipidus - etiology; Endoscopic endonasal approach; Gross total resection; Humans; Hypopituitarism - etiology; Hypothalamic function; Hypothalamus - metabolism; Hypothalamus - pathology; Hypothalamus - surgery; Nasal Cavity; Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neuroendoscopy - methods; Obesity - epidemiology; Pituitary Neoplasms - complications; Pituitary Neoplasms - pathology; Pituitary Neoplasms - surgery; Postoperative Complications - epidemiology; Preoperative Period; Quality of Life; Retrospective Studies; Surgical outcome; Transcranial approach; Weight Gain; EEA; PR; GTR; Gross total resection; DI; CP; Surgical outcome; Transcranial approach; KPS; QOL; Body mass index; TCA; Craniopharyngioma; Hypothalamic function; Endoscopic endonasal approach; ASBQ; BMI
• ISSN: 1878-8750; 1878-8769
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.07.225

To analyze the preservation of hypothalamic function using the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) in a single-center clinical series of patients with hypothalamus-invaded craniopharyngioma (CP) and compare this series with reported cases by the open transcranial approach (TCA).
A retrospective review of hypothalamus-invaded CP surgical cases treated with EEA was performed. Hypothalamic damage was evaluated in terms of the body mass index (BMI), endocrine status, and quality of life before and after surgery. A review of the available literature reporting the use of EEA and TCA over the last decade was performed for comparison.
In total, 63 cases amenable to EEA were investigated. The elevation in BMI was substantial and an increase in BMI greater than 9% was observed in 22 patients (34.92%). Most patients exhibited a BMI gain >9% within 3 months postoperatively. A total of 16 of the 19 patients who had normal anterior pituitary function preoperatively worsened after surgery. Of the 27 cases reporting preoperative partial hypopituitarism, 16 cases worsened postoperatively and 11 cases remained unchanged. All 9 cases with preoperative panhypopituitarism remained unchanged postoperatively. A total of 40 new cases developed diabetes insipidus, and 3 of the 10 patients with preoperative diabetes insipidus exhibited resolved at the latest follow-up. The quality of life showed no significant difference.
EEA can achieve greater gross total resection than TCA when performed by an experienced surgeon. Combined with the reduced postoperative hypothalamic damage in our patients with only hypothalamus-invaded CP, especially the shortened time horizons of hypothalamic obesity development and reduced percentage of patients with obesity, the EEA technique should be a preferred alternative over TCA.