Use of Adenosine in the Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia in a Pediatric Emergency Department

• Published in: Pediatric emergency care Vol. 30; no. 6; pp. 388 - 393
• Main Authors: Díaz-Parra, Sandra, Sánchez-Yañez, Pilar, Zabala-Argüelles, Ignacio, Picazo-Angelin, Beatriz, Conejo-Muñoz, Lourdes, Cuenca-Peiró, Victorio, Durán-Hidalgo, Isabel, García-Soler, Patricia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc 01-06-2014
• Subjects: Adenosine - administration & dosage; Adenosine - therapeutic use; Adolescent; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents - administration & dosage; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents - therapeutic use; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrocardiography; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Tachycardia, Supraventricular - drug therapy; Tertiary Care Centers; Treatment Outcome
• ISSN: 0749-5161; 1535-1815
• DOI: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000144

OBJECTIVESupraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most frequent arrhythmia requiring treatment in childhood, with an estimated incidence of 1/100 to 1/250 children. The treatment of choice of the acute event is intravenous adenosine. This study aimed to determine if doses of adenosine higher than previously described are needed to successfully revert SVT in children.
METHODSThis is a retrospective study of SVT cases in a tertiary hospital from January 2007 to December 2011.
RESULTSA total of 44 episodes of SVT were recorded in 26 patients. Mean age was 3.1 years. In 39 patients (89%), adenosine was administered, reverting to stable sinus rhythm in 29 episodes, which represents an effectiveness of 75%. In relation to the number of doses administered, 12 patients (30%) received a single dose, with a mean (SD) response dose of 112 (35) µg/kg; 16 (41%) received 2 doses, with a mean (SD) response dose of 188 (55) µg/kg; and 9 (24%) received 3 doses, with a mean (SD) response dose of 249 (108) µg/kg. Finally, in 2 patients (4%), 4 doses of adenosine were administered, with only 1 of them responding to a dose of 300 µg/kg. The mean (SD) dose that reverted the SVT to normal sinus rhythm was 173 (84) µg/kg, and the mean (SD) number of doses administered was 1.7 (0.8) (range, 1–4). Sixty-six percent were discharged home, without the need to be transferred to pediatric intensive care unit or pediatric ward.
CONCLUSIONSMost of the patients with SVT episodes require treatment with more than 1 dose of adenosine. Doses higher than the usually described in the guidelines are necessary to revert SVT. Most patients can be discharged home from the emergency department, without the need of hospital admission.