Light Emitting Diode Photobiomodulation Enhances Oxidative Redox Capacity in Murine Macrophages Stimulated with Bothrops jararacussu Venom and Isolated PLA2s

• Published in: BioMed research international Vol. 2022; pp. 1 - 9
• Main Authors: dos Reis, Valdison Pereira, da Silva Setúbal, Sulamita, Ferreira e Ferreira, Alex A., Santana, Hallison Mota, Silva, Milena Daniela Souza, Sousa, Ortência De Oliveira, Boeno, Charles Nunes, Soares, Andreimar M., Zamuner, Stella R., Zuliani, Juliana P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Hindawi 15-07-2022; Hindawi Limited
• Subjects: Animals; Antioxidants; Antivenom; Biomedical research; Bothrops jararacussu; Catalase; Dehydrogenase; Enzymes; Hydrogen; Hydrogen peroxide; Hydrogen production; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactic acid; Light emitting diodes; Light therapy; Macrophages; Mitochondria; NAD(P)H oxidase; Oxidative stress; Peroxidase; Phenols; Snakes; Superoxide dismutase; Toxins; Venom; United Kingdom > UK; Brazil; United States > US
• ISSN: 2314-6133; 2314-6141
• DOI: 10.1155/2022/5266211

Photobiomodulation therapy associated with conventional antivenom treatment has been shown to be effective in reducing the local effects caused by bothropic venoms in preclinical studies. In this study, we analyzed the influence of photobiomodulation using light emitting diode (LED) on the oxidative stress produced by murine macrophages stimulated with Bothrops jararacussu venom and it isolated toxins BthTX-I and BthTX-II. Under LED treatment, we evaluated the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase as well as the release of hydrogen peroxide and the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. To investigate whether NADPH oxidase complex activation and mitochondrial pathways could contribute to hydrogen peroxide production by macrophages, we tested the effect of two selective inhibitors, apocynin and CCCP3, respectively. Our results showed that LED therapy was able to decrease the production of hydrogen peroxide and the liberation of lactate dehydrogenase, indicating less cell damage. In addition, the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase increased in response to LED treatment. The effect of LED treatment on macrophages was inhibited by CCCP3, but not by apocynin. These findings show that LED photobiomodulation treatment protects macrophages, at least in part, by reducing oxidative stress caused B. jararacussu venom and toxins.