The relationship between smoking and stroke: A meta-analysis

• Published in: Medicine (Baltimore) Vol. 98; no. 12; p. e14872
• Main Authors: Pan, Biqi, Jin, Xiao, Jun, Liu, Qiu, Shaohong, Zheng, Qiuping, Pan, Mingwo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc 01-03-2019; Wolters Kluwer Health
• Subjects: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Odds Ratio; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Smokers - statistics & numerical data; Smoking - epidemiology; Stroke - classification; Stroke - epidemiology; Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; Tobacco Smoke Pollution - statistics & numerical data
• ISSN: 0025-7974; 1536-5964
• DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014872

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability for adult men and women worldwide, and a number of studies have explored the influences of smoking on stroke. However, few studies have discussed the relationship between stroke and smoking with consideration of the following factors: sex, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, stroke subtype, and the follow-up duration. Consequently, we aimed to extend previous work by using a systematic review to explore the relationship between stroke and cigarette smoking in reference to the above factors.
A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register databases and the following search criteria: ["stroke" (MeSH) and "smoking" (MeSH)]. All analyses were conducted with Stata, and funnel plots and Egger regression asymmetry tests were used to assess publication bias.
The meta-analysis included 14 studies involving 303134 subjects. According to the meta-analysis, smokers had an overall increased risk of stroke compared with nonsmokers, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34-1.93, P < .001). A subgroup analysis conducted based on smoking status revealed ORs of 1.92 (95% CI: 1.49-2.48) for current smokers and 1.30 (95% CI: 0.93-1.81) for former smokers. In addition, the relationship between stroke of any type and smoking status was also statistically significant; current smokers had an increased risk of stoke compared with nonsmokers (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.04-2.07, P < .001), which was influenced by sex (men: OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.11-2.13, P = .002; women: OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.45-2.44, P < .023). From the analysis, we also observed that passive smoking increased the overall risk of stroke by 45% (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.0-2.11, P < .05). Based on the dose-response meta-analysis, the risk of stroke increased by 12% for each increment of 5 cigarettes per day.