Copper uptake, essentiality, toxicity, detoxification and risk assessment in soil-plant environment

• Published in: Chemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 259; p. 127436
• Main Authors: Shabbir, Zunaira, Sardar, Aneeza, Shabbir, Abrar, Abbas, Ghulam, Shamshad, Saliha, Khalid, Sana, Natasha, Murtaza, Ghulam, Dumat, Camille, Shahid, Muhammad
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-11-2020
• Subjects: Antioxidants; Copper; Homeostasis; Risk assessment; Transporter proteins; Antioxidants; Homeostasis; Transporter proteins; Copper; Risk assessment
• ISSN: 0045-6535; 1879-1298
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127436

Copper (Cu) is an essential metal for human, animals and plants, although it is also potentially toxic above supra-optimal levels. In plants, Cu is an essential cofactor of numerous metalloproteins and is involved in several biochemical and physiological processes. However, excess of Cu induces oxidative stress inside plants via enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Owing to its dual nature (essential and a potential toxicity), this metal involves a complex network of uptake, sequestration and transport, essentiality, toxicity and detoxification inside the plants. Therefore, it is vital to monitor the biogeo-physiochemical behavior of Cu in soil-plant-human systems keeping in view its possible essential and toxic roles.
This review critically highlights the latest understanding of (i) Cu adsorption/desorption in soil (ii) accumulation in plants, (iii) phytotoxicity, (iv) tolerance mechanisms inside plants and (v) health risk assessment. The Cu-mediated oxidative stress and resulting up-regulation of several enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants have been deliberated at molecular and cellular levels. Moreover, the role of various transporter proteins in Cu uptake and its proper transportation to target metalloproteins is critically discussed. The review also delineates Cu build-up in plant food and accompanying health disorders.
Finally, this review proposes some future perspectives regarding Cu biochemistry inside plants. The review, to a large extent, presents a complete picture of the biogeo-physiochemical behavior of Cu in soil-plant-human systems supported with up-to-date 10 tables and 5 figures. It can be of great interest for post-graduate level students, scientists, industrialists, policymakers and regulatory authorities.
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•A narrow line exists between beneficial and toxic levels of Cu to plants.•Soil properties controls Cu bioavailability, toxicity and detoxification to plants.•Copper uptake by plants and transfer to shoot is mediated by different transporters.•Copper can induce serious health disorders due to consumption of Cu-rich foods. .•Optimum levels of Cu essentiality/toxicity for plants needs more research.