Study on Global Optimization and Control Strategy Development for a PHEV Charging Facility

• Published in: IEEE transactions on vehicular technology Vol. 61; no. 6; pp. 2431 - 2441
• Main Authors: Feng Guo, Inoa, E., Woongchul Choi, Jin Wang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY IEEE 01-07-2012; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Batteries; Battery; Battery sizing; Charging; Computer simulation; Cost function; Direct energy conversion and energy accumulation; Electric vehicles; Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering; Electrical machines; Electrical power engineering; Electrochemical conversion: primary and secondary batteries, fuel cells; Electronics; Energy accumulation; Equivalent circuits; Exact sciences and technology; General (including economical and industrial fields); Integrated circuit modeling; Irradiance; Optimization; plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) charging; power electronics interface circuit; Real time; Real time systems; real-time simulation; Regulation and control; renewable-energy resources; Strategy; Studies; System-on-a-chip; Performance evaluation; Cost minimization; Averaging method; Costs; Hybrid electric powered vehicles; Plug-in hybrid vehicle; Experimental device; Irradiance; Battery sizing; Optimization; plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) charging; Power losses; renewable-energy resources; Cost function; Control system; Global optimum; Secondary cell; Real time system; Dimensioning; power electronics interface circuit; real-time simulation; Optimal control; Economic aspect; Facility; Control theory; Cost analysis; Energy storage
• ISSN: 0018-9545; 1939-9359
• DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2012.2195787

This paper provides a full study of a photovoltaic (PV)-aided plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) charging facility by investigating the two most challenging technical issues: 1) sizing of the local energy storage (LES) unit and 2) control strategies of the facility. First, the paper proposes a method for determining the optimal size of LES for a charging facility. Second, the paper develops a control strategy for the integration of the PHEV charging stations with the proposed LES and PVs. The proposed LES-sizing method, which is based on optimal control theory, minimizes a cost function based on the average value of kilowatt-hour price, irradiance, and PHEVs' usage patterns. A power-loss/temperature-based battery model and a temperature-based charging strategy previously developed by the authors are utilized to determine the optimal LES size. Afterward, with the optimized facility parameters, a detailed circuit model of the charging facility, including PVs, PHEVs, and LES, is constructed with a real-time simulation system. While an experimental setup for this kind of complex and high-cost system was not readily feasible, real-time simulation was carried out to prove the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. To validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the real-time simulation, control hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) and power-inverter-based experiments have been carried out at the subsystem level.