The use of OCT to detect signs of intracranial hypertension in patients with sagittal suture synostosis: Reference values and correlations

• Published in: Child's nervous system Vol. 38; no. 10; pp. 1937 - 1947
• Main Authors: van de Beeten, Stephanie D. C., Ramdas, Wishal D., Yang, Sumin, Loudon, Sjoukje E., den Ottelander, Bianca K., Rizopoulos, Dimitris, van Veelen, Marie-Lise C., Mathijssen, Irene M. J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-10-2022
• Subjects: Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Neurosciences; Neurosurgery; Original; Original Article; Papilledema; Intracranial pressure; Optical coherence tomography; Craniosynostosis
• ISSN: 0256-7040; 1433-0350
• DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05598-1

Purpose
To obtain pediatric normative reference values and determine whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) corresponds better with clinical signs of intracranial hypertension (ICH) compared to the traditional screening method fundoscopy in a large cohort of one type of single suture craniosynostosis.
Methods
Control subjects without optic nerve diseases and isolated sagittal synostosis patients aged 3–10 years who underwent fundoscopy and OCT were included in this prospective cohort study. Normative reference values were obtained through bootstrap analysis. Main outcome was the association between peripapillary total retinal thickness (TRT) and total retinal volume (TRV) and appearance on fundoscopy. Signs and symptoms suggestive of ICH, including skull growth arrest, fingerprinting, and headache, were scored.
Results
Sixty-four healthy controls and 93 isolated sagittal synostosis patients were included. Normative cut-off values for mean TRT are < 256 μm and > 504 μm and for mean TRV < 0.21 mm
3
and > 0.39 mm
3
. TRT was increased in 16 (17%) and TRV in 15 (16%) of 93 patients, compared to only 4 patients with papilledema on fundoscopy (4%). Both parameters were associated with papilledema on fundoscopy (OR = 16.7,
p
 = 0.02, and OR = 18.2,
p
 = 0.01). Skull growth arrest was significantly associated with abnormal OCT parameters (OR = 13.65,
p
 < 0.01).
Conclusions
The established cut-off points can be applied to screen for ICH in pediatrics. The present study detected abnormalities with OCT more frequent than with fundoscopy, which were associated with skull growth arrest. Therefore, a combination of OCT, fundoscopy, and skull growth arrest can improve clinical decision-making in craniosynostosis.