Protective properties of 6-gingerol-rich fraction from Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the brain, ovary and uterus of rats

• Published in: Chemico-biological interactions Vol. 270; pp. 15 - 23
• Main Authors: Abolaji, Amos O., Ojo, Mercy, Afolabi, Tosin T., Arowoogun, Mary D., Nwawolor, Darlinton, Farombi, Ebenezer O.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 25-05-2017
• Subjects: ADAM17 Protein - drug effects; Animals; Body Weight - drug effects; Brain - drug effects; Brain - pathology; Catechols - therapeutic use; Chlorpyrifos; Chlorpyrifos - toxicity; Fatty Alcohols - therapeutic use; Female; Female reprotoxicity; Inflammation; Inflammation - drug therapy; Neurotoxicity; Ovary - drug effects; Ovary - pathology; Oxidative damage; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - therapeutic use; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Uterus - drug effects; Uterus - pathology; Zingiber officinale; Zingiber officinale - chemistry; Chlorpyrifos; Female reprotoxicity; Neurotoxicity; Inflammation; Oxidative damage; Zingiber officinale
• ISSN: 0009-2797; 1872-7786
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.03.017

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used in agricultural applications and household environments. 6-Gingerol-rich fraction from Zingiber officinale (Ginger, 6-GRF) has been reported to possess potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Here, we investigated the protective properties of 6-GRF on CPF-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the brain, ovary and uterus of rats. Five groups of rats containing 14 rats/group received corn oil (control), CPF (5 mg/kg), 6-GRF (100 mg/kg), CPF (5 mg/kg) + 6-GRF (50 mg/kg) and CPF (5 mg/kg) + 6-GRF (100 mg/kg) through gavage once per day for 35 days respectively. The results showed that 6-GRF protected against CPF-induced increases in oxidative stress ((hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), inflammatory (myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF- α)), and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers. Also, 6-GRF improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as well as glutathione (GSH) level in the brain, ovary and uterus of rats exposed to CPF (p < 0.05). Overall, the protective effects of 6-GRF on CPF-induced toxicity in the brain and reproductive organs of rats may be due to its potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties.
•6-Gingerol-rich fraction (6-GRF) role on Chlorpyrifos (CPF) toxicity was studied.•6-GRF prevents CPF-induced brain, ovarian and uterine oxidative stress in rats.•6-GRF mitigates CPF-induced brain, ovarian and uterine inflammation in rats.•6-GRF suppressed caspase-3 activity in the brain and uterus of CPF-treated rats.•6-GRF alleviates CPF toxicity via anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.