The roles of triiodothyronine and irisin in improving the lipid profile and directing the browning of human adipose subcutaneous cells

• Published in: Molecular and cellular endocrinology Vol. 506; p. 110744
• Main Authors: de Oliveira, Miriane, Mathias, Lucas Solla, Rodrigues, Bruna Moretto, Mariani, Bianca Gonçalves, Graceli, Jones Bernardes, De Sibio, Maria Teresa, Castro Olimpio, Regiane Marques, Fontes Moretto, Fernanda Cristina, Deprá, Igor Carvalho, Nogueira, Célia Regina
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 15-04-2020
• Subjects: Adipocytes, Brown - drug effects; Adipocytes, Brown - physiology; Adipocytes, White - drug effects; Adipocytes, White - physiology; Cell Differentiation - drug effects; Cell Differentiation - genetics; Cell Transdifferentiation - drug effects; Cell Transdifferentiation - genetics; Cells, Cultured; Fat; Fibronectins - pharmacology; Fibronectins - physiology; Gene Expression - drug effects; Glycerol - metabolism; Humans; Leptin - genetics; Leptin - metabolism; Lipid accumulation; Lipid Metabolism - drug effects; Lipid Metabolism - genetics; Lipolysis - drug effects; Oxidative stress; PPAR gamma - genetics; PPAR gamma - metabolism; RNA-Seq; Subcutaneous Fat - cytology; Subcutaneous Fat - drug effects; Subcutaneous Fat - physiology; Thyroid hormone; Triglycerides - metabolism; Triiodothyronine - pharmacology; Triiodothyronine - physiology; Uncoupling Protein 1 - genetics; Uncoupling Protein 1 - metabolism; Fat; Oxidative stress; Thyroid hormone; Lipid accumulation; RNA-Seq
• ISSN: 0303-7207; 1872-8057
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110744

Triiodothyronine (T3) and irisin (I) can modulate metabolic status, increase heat production, and promote differentiation of white adipose tissue (WAT) into brown adipose tissue (BAT). Herein, human subcutaneous white adipocytes were treated with 10 nM T3 or 20 nM I for 24 h to evaluate intracellular lipid accumulation, triglyceride, and glycerol levels, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), adiponectin, leptin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). T3 and irisin improved UCP1 production, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. T3 elevated adiponectin and leptin levels with a concomitant decrease in PPARy and FNDC5 levels. However, irisin did not alter adipokine, PPARy, and FNDC5 levels. The results indicate that T3 may be used to increase leptin and adiponectin levels to improve insulin sensitivity, and irisin may be used to prevent obesity or maintain weight due to its impact on the lipid profile without altering adipokine levels.
T3 and irisin regulate energy homeostasis. Effects of irisin are represented with red arrows, while those of T3 are represented with black arrows. Irisin induced a decrease in lipid accumulation through lipolysis, improved oxidative stress and DNA damage, maintained the levels of adipokines that are associated with appetite control and insulin sensitivity (leptin and adiponectin), and maintained PPARy levels. T3 induced a decrease in lipid accumulation through the oxidation of fatty acids in adipocytes; improved oxidative stress and DNA damage; increased the production of adipokines, adiponectin, and leptin; maintained PPARy levels; and decreased the production of FNDC5. [Display omitted]
•T3 and Irisin diminished intracellular lipid accumulation and cellular damage.•Upregulation of UCP1 in human adipocytes by T3 and irisin.•Maintenance of adiponectin and leptin levels by irisin.•FNDC5 synthesis in human subcutaneous adipocytes.•T3 decreased FNDC5 and PPARy.