Trajectories of perinatal depressive symptoms from early pregnancy to six weeks postpartum and their risk factors—a longitudinal study

• Published in: Journal of affective disorders Vol. 275; pp. 149 - 156
• Main Authors: Yu, Min, Li, Hui, Xu, Dong (Roman), Wu, Yinglan, Liu, Hua, Gong, Wenjie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-10-2020
• Subjects: China; Depression; Depression - diagnosis; Depression - epidemiology; Depression, Postpartum - diagnosis; Depression, Postpartum - epidemiology; Epidemiology; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Mood disorders; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy and postpartum; Pregnancy Complications - epidemiology; Primary Care; Risk Factors; China; Mood disorders; Depression; Pregnancy and postpartum; Primary Care; Epidemiology
• ISSN: 0165-0327; 1573-2517
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.005

•“Low-throughout”, “Antenatal-high”, and “Postpartum-high” trajectories were identified.•52.4% of women had their first perinatal depressive symptoms at early pregnancy.•Heterogeneity existed concerning peaks within different trajectories.•Anxiety symptom was associated with the “Antenatal-high” trajectory.•Marital satisfaction was linked to the “Postpartum-high” trajectory.
Few studies explored trajectories of depressive symptoms from early pregnancy and covered the whole perinatal period. This study aimed to explore the trajectories of perinatal depressive symptoms, their heterogeneity of onsets and peaks, and relations to demographic and psychological factors.
A longitudinal study was conducted at two hospitals in China amongst 1,126 participants. Perinatal depression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Demographic and psychological factors were collected by self-developed questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Women completing at least three depression screens (n = 879) were included. Latent Growth Curve Model and Growth Mixture Model were performed to identify the depression trajectories and logistic regression was used to analyse factors of trajectories.
Three trajectories were identified: 90.0% of women never presented with depressive symptoms (“Low-throughout”); 5.1% presented with depressive symptoms mainly during the antenatal period (“Antenatal-high”); 4.9% presented with depressive symptoms mainly during the postpartum period (“Postpartum-high”). 52.4% of women experienced their first depressive symptoms during early pregnancy. Suffering from anxiety and being unsatisfied with their marriage were associated with the “Antenatal-high” and “Postpartum-high” trajectories, respectively.
Response rate was not high. We also do not have information on clinical diagnoses or changes in some variables over time.
We identified three trajectories and heterogeneity existed concerning the timing of their peaks. Women should be considered for depression screening and intervention in early pregnancy. Factors associated with each trajectory were different, raising the potential of individualized intervention to reduce the occurrence of depression.