Toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials: Reviewing recent reports in medical and biological systems

• Published in: Chemico-biological interactions Vol. 307; pp. 206 - 222
• Main Authors: Madannejad, Rasoul, Shoaie, Nahid, Jahanpeyma, Fatemeh, Darvishi, Mohammad Hasan, Azimzadeh, Mostafa, Javadi, Hamidreza
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01-07-2019
• Subjects: Carbon-based nanomaterials; Human; Nanomaterial; Nanotechnology; Toxic effects; Human; Carbon-based nanomaterials; Toxic effects; Nanomaterial; Nanotechnology
• ISSN: 0009-2797; 1872-7786
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.036

Application of nanomaterials in our daily life is increasing, day in day out and concerns have raised about their toxicity for human and other organisms. In this manner, carbon-based nanomaterials have been applied to different products due to their unique physicochemical, electrical, mechanical properties, and biological compatibility. But, there are several reports about the negative effects of these materials on biological systems and cellular compartments. This review article describes the various types of carbon-based nanomaterials and methods that use for determining these toxic effects that are reported recently in the papers. Then, extensively discussed the toxic effects of these materials on the human and other living organisms and also their toxicity routs including Neurotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Immunotoxicity, Cardiotoxicity, Genotoxicity and epigenetic toxicity, Dermatotoxicity, and Carcinogenicity.
•Carbon-based nanomaterial toxicity is reviewed in this paper.•CB materials are classified based on shape, size and physico-chemical properties.•Toxicity ranking of the CBNs in similar supply conditions is shown.•Small size of CBNs allows passing through biological barriers which cause damage.•Adverse effects were highlighted according to the kind of analyses and models.