MRI method for labeling and imaging decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds for tissue engineering

• Published in: Magnetic resonance in medicine Vol. 83; no. 6; pp. 2138 - 2149
• Main Authors: Szulc, Daniel Andrzej, Ahmadipour, Mohammadali, Aoki, Fabio Gava, Waddell, Thomas K., Karoubi, Golnaz, Cheng, Hai‐Ling Margaret
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-06-2020
• Subjects: Animals; Biocompatibility; biomaterial; Bladder; Cell proliferation; Cell viability; Chemical synthesis; decellularized extracellular matrix; Endothelial Cells; Extracellular Matrix; Human performance; Labeling; Lungs; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Manganese; Metabolism; Mice; Noise reduction; Optimization; Organs; Rats; regenerative medicine; Retention; scaffold; Scaffolds; Swine; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Toxicity; Trachea; Transmission electron microscopy; Umbilical vein; decellularized extracellular matrix; tissue engineering; biomaterial; scaffold; regenerative medicine
• ISSN: 0740-3194; 1522-2594
• DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28072

Purpose
To develop a facile method for labeling and imaging decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds intended for regenerating 3D tissues.
Methods
A small molecule manganese porphyrin, MnPNH2, was synthesized and used to label dECM scaffolds made from porcine bladder and trachea and murine whole lungs. The labeling protocol was optimized on bladder dECM, and imaging on a 3T clinical scanner was performed to assess reductions in T1 and T2 relaxation times. In vivo MRI was performed on dECM injected in the rat dorsum to verify sensitivity of detection. Toxicity assays for cell viability, metabolism, and proliferation were performed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The incorporation of MnPNH2 and its long‐term retention in dECM were assessed on transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet absorbance of eluted MnPNH2 over time.
Results
All tissues, including thick whole 3D organs, were uniformly labeled and demonstrated high signal‐to‐noise on MRI. A nearly 10‐fold reduction in T1 was consistently obtained at a labeling dose of 0.4 mM, and even 0.2 mM provided sufficient contrast in vivo and ex vivo. No toxicity was observed up to 0.4 mM, the maximum tested. Binding studies suggested nonspecific association, and retention studies in the labeled whole decellularized lungs revealed less than 20% MnPNH2 loss over 30 days, the majority occurring in the first 3 days after labeling.
Conclusion
The proposed labeling method is the first report for visualizing dECM on MRI and has the potential for long‐term monitoring and optimization of dECM‐based organ tissue engineering.