Obesity strongly predicts clinically undetected multiple lymph node metastases in intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer patients who underwent robot assisted radical prostatectomy and extended lymph node dissection

• Published in: International urology and nephrology Vol. 52; no. 11; pp. 2097 - 2105
• Main Authors: Tafuri, Alessandro, Amigoni, Nelia, Rizzetto, Riccardo, Sebben, Marco, Shakir, Aliasger, Gozzo, Alessandra, Odorizzi, Katia, De Michele, Mario, Gallina, Sebastian, Bianchi, Alberto, Ornaghi, Paola, Brunelli, Matteo, De Marco, Vincenzo, Verratti, Vittore, Migliorini, Filippo, Cerruto, Maria Angela, Artibani, Walter, Antonelli, Alessandro, Porcaro, Antonio Benito
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-11-2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Cancer surgery; Lymph nodes; Lymphatic system; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metastases; Metastasis; Multivariate analysis; Nephrology; Obesity; Patients; Prostate cancer; Prostatectomy; Risk factors; Risk groups; Robotic surgery; Surgery; Urological surgery; Urology; Urology - Original Paper; Robot assisted radical prostatectomy; Obesity; Body mass index; Prostate cancer; Lymph node-invasion
• ISSN: 0301-1623; 1573-2584
• DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02554-3

Objective
To evaluate the association between obesity and risk of multiple lymph node metastases in prostate cancer (PCa) patients with clinically localized EAU intermediate and high-risk classes staged by extended pelvic lymph-node dissection (ePLND) during robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).
Materials and methods
373 consecutive PCa intermediate or high-risk patients were treated by RARP and ePLND. According to pathology results, extension of LNI was classified as absent (pN0 status) or present (pN1 status); pN1 was further categorized as one or more than one (multiple LNI) lymph node metastases. A logistic regression model (univariate and multivariate analysis) was used to evaluate the association between significant categorized clinical factors and the risk of multiple lymph nodes metastases.
Results
Overall, after surgery lymph node metastases were detected in 51 patients (13.7%) of whom 22 (5.9%) with more than one metastatic lymph node and 29 (7.8%) with only one positive node. Comparing patients with one positive node to those without, EAU high-risk class only predicted risk of single LNI (OR = 2.872;
p
 = 0.008).
The risk of multiple lymph node metastases, when compared to cases without LNI, was independently predicted by BMI ≥ 30 (OR = 6.950;
p
 = 0.002) together with BPC ≥ 50% (OR = 3.910;
p
 = 0.004) and EAU high-risk class (OR = 6.187;
p
 < 0.0001). Among metastatic patients, BMI ≥ 30 was the only factor associated with the risk of multiple LNI (OR = 5.250;
p
 = 0.041).
Conclusions
In patients with clinically localized EAU intermediate and high-risk classes PCa who underwent RARP and ePLND, obesity was a risk factor of multiple LNI.