Experimental human placental models for studying uptake, transport and toxicity of micro- and nanoplastics

• Published in: The Science of the total environment Vol. 860; p. 160403
• Main Authors: Dusza, Hanna M., van Boxel, Jeske, van Duursen, Majorie B.M., Forsberg, Markus M., Legler, Juliette, Vähäkangas, Kirsi H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 20-02-2023
• Subjects: Animals; Biological Transport; Coculture Techniques; Ex vivo; Female; Fetus; Humans; In vitro; Microplastics; Microplastics - metabolism; Nanoplastics; Placenta; Placenta - metabolism; Pregnancy; ABC; PR; ABCB1; PS; hCG; Fluo-PS; EVCTB; Ex vivo; DDT; HUVEC; TLR; Nanoplastics; MNPs; ST; CTs; IL; VCTs; hPL; ER; In vitro; ECM; PCB; GPMVs; EVTs; HPVEC; NPs; PGH; Pregnancy; MPs; Placenta; PAH; ROS; CRH; Microplastics; CuO; PL; CdTe-COOH; ABCG2; TiO2
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160403

Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and have recently been found in human lungs, blood and placenta. However, data on the possible effects of MNPs on human health is extremely scarce. The potential toxicity of MNPs during pregnancy, a period of increased susceptibility to environmental insults, is of particular concern. The placenta provides a unique interface between maternal and fetal circulation which is essential for in utero survival and healthy pregnancy. Placental toxicokinetics and toxicity of MNPs are still largely unexplored and the limited studies performed up to now focus mainly on polystyrene particles. Practical and ethical considerations limit research options in humans, and extrapolation from animal studies is challenging due to marked differences between species. Nevertheless, diverse in vitro and ex vivo human placental models exist e.g., plasma membrane vesicles, mono-culture and co-culture of placental cells, placenta-on-a-chip, villous tissue explants, and placental perfusion that can be used to advance this research area. The objective of this concise review is to recapitulate different human placental models, summarize the current understanding of placental uptake, transport and toxicity of MNPs and define knowledge gaps. Moreover, we provide perspectives for future research urgently needed to assess the potential hazards and risks of MNP exposure to maternal and fetal health.
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•Placenta is crucial for fetal development and pregnancy.•First evidence of microplastics in human placentas emerge, but more data is needed using relevant methodology.•Human in vitro and ex vivo placental models are recapitulated and comprehensively reviewed.•The current understanding of transplacental transport and toxicity of microplastics is summarized.•The most pressing knowledge gaps are identified and perspectives for future research provided.