Hormonal regulation of implantation

Implantation is a complex process that requires synchronization between the embryo and a receptive endometrium. Hormones, such as the female sex steroids, prostaglandins, and peptide hormones, regulate the cellular and molecular mediators of endometrial receptivity, which include pinopodes, cell adh...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America Vol. 31; no. 4; p. 745
Main Authors:	Kodaman, Pinar H, Taylor, Hugh S
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States 01-12-2004
Subjects:	Androgens - pharmacology Biomarkers Embryo Implantation - drug effects Embryo Implantation - physiology Endometrium - pathology Endometrium - physiology Endometrium - ultrastructure Female Hormones - physiology Humans Menstrual Cycle - physiology Pregnancy Progesterone - administration & dosage Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
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Summary:	Implantation is a complex process that requires synchronization between the embryo and a receptive endometrium. Hormones, such as the female sex steroids, prostaglandins, and peptide hormones, regulate the cellular and molecular mediators of endometrial receptivity, which include pinopodes, cell adhesion molecules, cytokines, homeobox genes, and growth factors. These mediators can be altered, despite the presence of normal hormone levels and endometrial histology; this limits the usefulness of the luteal phase endometrial biopsy. Therefore, analysis of markers of endometrial receptivity may predict successful implantation better. Elevated androgen and estrogen levels, as seen with polycystic ovary syndrome and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, respectively, also can have detrimental effects on the endometrium, and therefore, implantation.
ISSN:	0889-8545
DOI:	10.1016/j.ogc.2004.08.008