Exceeding the daily dosing limit of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs among ibuprofen users

• Published in: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety Vol. 27; no. 3; pp. 322 - 331
• Main Authors: Kaufman, David W., Kelly, Judith P., Battista, Deena R., Malone, Mary Kathryn, Weinstein, Rachel B., Shiffman, Saul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-03-2018
• Subjects: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - administration & dosage; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - adverse effects; Demographics; Demography; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; dosing behavior; Drug dosages; drug safety; epidemiology; Female; Health risk assessment; Humans; Ibuprofen; Ibuprofen - administration & dosage; Ibuprofen - adverse effects; Inflammation; Male; Mental health; Middle Aged; Nonprescription Drugs - administration & dosage; Nonprescription Drugs - adverse effects; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NSAIDs; Pain; Pain - drug therapy; Patient Education as Topic; pharmacoepidemiology; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Side effects; Smoking; survey research; Surveys and Questionnaires - statistics & numerical data; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; epidemiology; NSAIDs; drug safety; survey research; dosing behavior; pharmacoepidemiology
• ISSN: 1053-8569; 1099-1557
• DOI: 10.1002/pds.4391

Purpose
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective and very commonly used, but also have side effects. We determined prevalence of NSAID dosing exceeding the daily limit (EDL) and identified related user characteristics and dosing patterns among current ibuprofen users.
Methods
Online 1‐week diary study of 1326 ibuprofen users. NSAIDs were identified by list‐based prompting; respondents were not required to know their medications were NSAIDs. Details of hourly use were recorded by respondents daily. Deviations from dosing directions were programmatically determined afterwards. An exit survey obtained information on demographics, medical history, physical and mental health status, attitudes regarding label reading and dosing behavior, and knowledge of product label instructions.
Results
Most diary users (90%) took over‐the‐counter ibuprofen during the week; 37% also took non‐ibuprofen NSAIDs. Most did not recognize all products taken as NSAIDs. EDL occurred among 11% of users for ibuprofen, 4% of users for other NSAIDs, and on 9.1% of NSAID usage days. EDL was associated with deviations from detailed dosing directions, particularly exceeding the 1‐time dose, which occurred more often with medications with 1‐pill doses. Personal characteristics associated with EDL included male sex, ongoing pain, poor physical function, daily smoking, having the attitudes of “choosing my own dose” and not starting with the lowest dose, and poor knowledge of the recommended 1‐time and 24‐hour doses.
Conclusions
The prevalence of EDL among NSAID users is nontrivial, and it is associated with potentially modifiable factors. Educating consumers about NSAIDs and their dosing directions could reduce excess dosing.