Echocardiographic reference intervals of the dimensions of the main pulmonary artery and the right pulmonary artery: a prospective study in 269 healthy dogs

• Published in: Journal of veterinary cardiology Vol. 50; pp. 29 - 38
• Main Authors: Grosso, G, Tognetti, R, Domenech, O, Marchesotti, F, Patata, V, Vezzosi, T
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands 01-12-2023
• Subjects: Animals; Aorta - diagnostic imaging; Dogs; Echocardiography - methods; Echocardiography - veterinary; Lung - diagnostic imaging; Prospective Studies; Pulmonary Artery - diagnostic imaging; Pulmonary distensibility; Pulmonary arterial dilatation; Cardiology; Pulmonary enlargement; Pulmonary hypertension
• ISSN: 1760-2734; 1875-0834
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2023.09.003

No data are available on the echocardiographic reference intervals (RIs) for the main pulmonary artery (MPA) and right pulmonary artery (RPA) dimensions in a large sample of dogs. Therefore, we aimed to describe the echocardiographic RIs of the MPA and RPA dimensions in normal dogs.
Two hundred and sixty nine healthy dogs of different breeds, age and body weight (BW) were prospectively enrolled in this multicenter, observational study. The MPA diameter, RPA maximum diameter (RPAmax), and RPA minimum diameter (RPAmin) were measured from the right parasternal short axis view. Prediction intervals (PIs) for MPA, RPAmax and RPAmin were generated using allometric scales. Reference intervals (RI) of MPA indexed to the ascending aorta (MPA/AO), and RPAmax and RPAmin indexed to the aortic annulus (RPAmax/Aod and RPAmin/Aod), were defined.
A positive linear relationship between MPA, RPAmax, RPAmin and BW was evident after logarithmic transformation (R
 = 0.859, R
 = 0.787 and R
 = 0.725, respectively; P<0.0001). According to allometric scales, the PI for the MPA normalized for BW (MPA_N) was between 5.50 and 8.07, the PI for the RPAmax normalized for BW (RPAmax_N) was between 3.23 and 5.62, while the PI for the RPAmin normalized for BW (RPAmin_N) was between 1.62 and 3.30. The median MPA/AO was 0.92 (RI, 0.78-1.01), the median RPAmax/Aod was 0.70 (RI, 0.53-0.98) and the median RPAmin/Aod was 0.40 (RI, 0.29-0.61).
The reported RIs of the MPA and RPA dimensions in normal dogs could increase the diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic echocardiography in the identification of pulmonary artery enlargement in dogs.