Ovarian ectopic pregnancy: clinical characteristics, ultrasound diagnosis and management

• Published in: Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology Vol. 63; no. 6; pp. 815 - 823
• Main Authors: Solangon, S. A., Naftalin, J., Jurkovic, D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01-06-2024; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Biochemical characteristics; Biochemistry; Blood transfusion; Blood transfusions; Corpus luteum; Ectopic pregnancy; Embryos; Gestational age; Gynecology; Hemoperitoneum; Laparoscopy; Medical diagnosis; Obstetrics; ovarian ectopic; ovarian pregnancy; Ovariectomy; Ovaries; Parenchyma; Pregnancy; Pregnancy complications; Risk factors; Surgery; Transfusion; Ultrasonic imaging; Ultrasound; ectopic pregnancy; ovarian ectopic; ovarian pregnancy; ultrasound
• ISSN: 0960-7692; 1469-0705
• DOI: 10.1002/uog.27549

ABSTRACT
Objective
To compare the clinical, ultrasound and biochemical characteristics of ovarian ectopic pregnancy (OEP) with those of tubal ectopic pregnancy (TEP).
Methods
This was a retrospective case–control study of women with OEP and those with TEP seen at a single center between December 2010 and February 2021. OEP was defined as a pregnancy located completely or partially within the ovarian parenchyma, seen separately to a corpus luteum, if a corpus luteum was present within the ipsilateral ovary. We compared demographic features, risk factors, clinical presentation, ultrasound findings and outcomes, such as blood loss at surgery, need for blood transfusion, length of hospital stay, follow‐up and future pregnancy outcome, between cases of OEP and TEP.
Results
Overall, 20 women with OEP were identified and compared to 100 women with TEP. A total of 15/20 (75%) OEPs were diagnosed correctly on the first ultrasound scan. There was no difference between the groups in terms of maternal age, gestational age, gravidity, parity or risk factors. Compared with TEP, OEP was more likely to present with abdominal pain without vaginal bleeding (12/20 (60%) vs 13/100 (13%); odds ratio (OR), 10.0 (95% CI, 3.45–29.20); P < 0.01), contain an embryo with cardiac activity (3/20 (15%) vs 2/100 (2%); OR, 8.7 (95% CI, 1.34–55.65); P = 0.02) and have severe hemoperitoneum on ultrasound (9/20 (45%) vs 8/100 (8%); OR, 9.4 (95% CI, 3.01–29.40); P < 0.01), and had a higher volume of blood loss at surgery (median, 700 mL vs 100 mL; P < 0.01). All surgically managed OEPs had successful laparoscopic treatment (18 excisions, one wedge resection) with preservation of the ovary. Only one (5%) case of OEP required a blood transfusion.
Conclusions
OEP is more likely than TEP to contain an embryo and to present with severe hemoperitoneum. In a dedicated early pregnancy setting, the majority of OEPs were detected on an ultrasound scan at the initial visit, facilitating optimal minimally invasive surgical management, reducing the risk of blood transfusion and oophorectomy. Our findings can be used as a reference for clinicians who may not otherwise encounter this rare condition. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.