Preliminary content and construct validity of a new model to differentiate research skills from evidence‐based practice skills: Core, Evidence Application, Research (CEAR) Model

• Published in: Journal of human nutrition and dietetics Vol. 37; no. 2; pp. 440 - 458
• Main Authors: Jordan, Raeanne, Watowicz, Rosanna P., King, Carrie, Phillips, Catherine, Obeid, Rita, Hand, Rosa K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-04-2024
• Subjects: Correlation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietetics; Differentiation; Education; Educational Measurement; Evidence-Based Practice; Factor analysis; Humans; Precipitates; Professional development; Psychometrics; Reliability analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Skills; Surveys and Questionnaires; Validation studies; Validity; Variance analysis; evidence‐based practice; dietetics; research
• ISSN: 0952-3871; 1365-277X
• DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13266

Background
Research is the scientific basis for the profession of dietetics, as it must be located and applied in evidence‐based practice (EBP). EBP is often presented as a foundational skill for research. CEAR – Core, Evidence Application, Research – is a newly proposed model that separates Research and Evidence Application skills into distinct domains, jointly supported by a set of Core skills, thus acknowledging that education and advancement in one domain neither requires nor precipitates education and advancement in the other. The goal was to investigate the content and construct validity of the new CEAR Model.
Methods
A cross‐sectional online survey of randomly selected dietitians in the United States was used to collect CEAR domain scores, validated measures of research or EBP skills and self‐reported characteristics. Exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's α and Pearson correlation between various tools and CEAR domains were used to assess validity and reliability. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression between CEAR domains and participant characteristics were used to assess convergent and divergent validity.
Results
One hundred and fifty‐four responses with a valid CEAR score were received and led to a three‐factor solution, supporting the theorised differentiation of research from evidence application skills (content validity). Internal reliability for the CEAR Model overall and for each domain was high. The hypothesised correlations between existing research or EBP measurement tools and the relevant CEAR domains were found (construct validity). Known groups analysis demonstrated the expected differences in CEAR domain scores based on participant characteristics.
Conclusions
The CEAR Model demonstrates preliminary validity and internal reliability. It adds to the current literature by acknowledging the separateness of evidence application skills from research skills.
The differentiation of research and evidence application skills as illustrated in the Core, Evidence Application, Research Model has good internal reliability, preliminary content and construct validity based on factor analysis, correlation with existing tools and known groups analysis.
This model will help guide future education and professional development in nutrition and dietetics.
Key points
The differentiation of research and evidence application skills as illustrated in the Core, Evidence Application, Research (CEAR) Model has good internal reliability, preliminary content and construct validity based on factor analysis, correlation with existing tools and known groups analysis.
This model will help guide future education and professional development in nutrition and dietetics.