Appropriate Preconception Corticosteroid-Free Remission Period in Pregnant Women With Ulcerative Colitis

• Published in: Inflammatory bowel diseases Vol. 30; no. 5; pp. 726 - 734
• Main Authors: Ikeda, Aya, Kunisaki, Reiko, Aoki, Shigeru, Yaguchi, Katsuki, Madarame, Akira, Nishio, Masafumi, Ogashiwa, Tsuyoshi, Nakamori, Yoshinori, Kimura, Hideaki, Suzuki, Ryoichi, Saigusa, Yusuke, Maeda, Shin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 02-05-2024
• Subjects: Adrenal Cortex Hormones - therapeutic use; Adult; Colitis, Ulcerative - drug therapy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Postpartum Period; Preconception Care - methods; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Remission Induction; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult; disease activity; pregnancy outcome; ulcerative colitis; preconception corticosteroid-free remission period; pregnancy
• ISSN: 1078-0998; 1536-4844
• DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac270

In women with inflammatory bowel disease, at least 3 months of preconception corticosteroid-free remission (CFREM) is recommended by experts in current consensus statements. However, data are lacking on the appropriate preconception remission period. We investigated the appropriate preconception CFREM period in women with ulcerative colitis to reduce maternal disease activity and adverse pregnancy outcomes (ie, preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age).
We retrospectively examined 141 pregnancies in women with ulcerative colitis at 2 institutions. We categorized the patients into 3 subgroups by their preconception CFREM period (≥3 months, >0 to <3 months, and non-CFREM). We also investigated disease activity during pregnancy and postpartum and adverse pregnancy outcomes in each group.
During pregnancy, the rate of active disease was significantly lower in the ≥3 months and >0 to <3 months CFREM groups compared with that in the non-CFREM group (P < .001 and P = .0257, respectively). Postpartum, the rate of active disease was significantly lower in the ≥3 months CFREM group compared with that in the non-CFREM group (P = .0087). The preconception CFREM period of ≥3 months was an independent inhibitory factor for active disease during pregnancy and postpartum (adjusted odds ratio, 0.15; P = .0035; and adjusted odds ratio, 0.33; P = .027, respectively). Adverse pregnancy outcomes were less common in the >3 months CFREM group compared with those in the other groups, but this difference was not significant.
A preconception CFREM period of more than 3 months may be appropriate for better maternal and adverse pregnancy outcomes, as recommended in consensus statements.