Study on the relationship between the dispersal of wild boar (Sus scrofa) and the associated variability of Cesium-137 concentrations in its muscle Post-Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

• Published in: The Science of the total environment Vol. 917; no. C; p. 170328
• Main Authors: Saito, Rie, Nemoto, Yui, Kondo, Natsuko Ito, Kanda, Kosuke, Takeda, Toshimasa, Beasley, James C., Tamaoki, Masanori
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 20-03-2024; Elsevier
• Subjects: DNA analysis; Fukushima Japan; MIG-seq; mtDNA; Radiocesium; Sus scrofa; Fukushima Japan; mtDNA; Sus scrofa; MIG-seq; DNA analysis; Radiocesium
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170328

After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in 2011, the wild boar (Sus scrofa) population within the Fukushima Evacuation Zone (FEZ) increased substantially in size and distribution. This growing population and their potential dispersal from the FEZ, where they are exposed to high levels of radionuclides, into the surrounding landscape underscores the need to better understand boar movement patterns in order to establish policies for managing shipping restrictions for boar meat and develop management strategies. In this study, we quantified the genetic population structure of boar in and around Fukushima prefecture using sequence data of the mitochondrial DNA control region and MIG-seq analysis using 348 boar samples to clarify boar dispersal patterns. Among boar samples, seven Asian haplotypes and one European haplotype were detected. The European haplotype originated from hybridization between domestic pigs and native boar in the evacuation zone after the accident and was detected in 15 samples across a broad geographic area. Our MIG-seq analysis revealed genetic structure of boar was significantly different between boar inhabiting the eastern (including FEZ. i.e., East clade) and western (i.e., West clade) regions in Fukushima prefecture. In addition, we investigated the relationships between boar dispersal and Cesium (Cs)-137 activity concentrations in boar muscle using MIG-seq genetic data in Nihonmatsu city, located in the central-northern region of Fukushima. High Cs-137 activity concentrations, exceeding 1000 Bq/kg, in boar muscle had a significantly high probability of belonging to the East clade within localized regions. Thus, our results provide evidence of the spatial scale of dispersal of individuals or offspring of boar from the FEZ. Results of this research also indicate that dispersal of individuals between areas with different Cs-137 contamination levels is one of the biggest factors contributing to variation in Cs-137 activity concentration in boar muscle within localized regions.
[Display omitted]
•To estimate wild boar dispersal after the FDNPP accident using genetic markers•Individuals or offspring of boar originated in the Evacuation Zone dispersed across a wider geographic area.•Boars with high Cs-137 concentrations had a high probability of containing East genetic clade•European domestic pig haplotype is effective in tracking boar dispersal after the FDNPP accident.•Boar dispersal between different Cs-137 levels contributes to variation in its Cs-137 contamination.