In vitro Toxicity and in vivo Immunomodulatory Effects of Flavokawain A and Flavokawain B in Balb/C Mice

• Published in: Natural product communications Vol. 10; no. 7; p. 1199
• Main Authors: Abu, Nadiah, Mohameda, Nurul Elyani, Tangarajoo, Nirosha, Yeap, Swee Keong, Akhtar, M Nadeem, Abdullah, Mohd Puad, Omar, Abdul Rahman, Alitheen, Noorjahan Banu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01-07-2015
• Subjects: Animals; Chalcone - analogs & derivatives; Chalcone - pharmacology; Flavonoids - pharmacology; Immunologic Factors - pharmacology; Kava - chemistry; Male; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Spleen - drug effects; Toxicity Tests
• ISSN: 1934-578X
• DOI: 10.1177/1934578X1501000716

Flavokawains are chalcones that can be found in the root extracts of the kava-kava (Piper methysticum) plant. Flavokawain A and flavokawain B are known to possess potential anti-inflammation and anti-cancer activities. Nevertheless, the effects of both these compounds on the normal function of the host have not been studied. There is a need to find agents that can enhance the functionality of the immune system without disturbing the homeostatic balance. This study aimed to determine the toxicity and immunomodulatory effects of flavokawain A and flavokawain B on Balb/c mice. Several assays were conducted, the MTT viability assay, cytokine detection (IL-2 and TNF-α), immunophenotyping of important immune markers, serum biochemical analysis and detection of nitric oxide levels. Based on our results, flavokawain A and B did not cause mortality and all mice were observed normal after the treatment period. Both flavokawains stimulated splenocyte proliferation, the secretion of IL-2 and TNF-α and raised the population of T cell subsets without significantly altering the level of several serum biochemical parameters. Overall, flavokawain A and B could serve as potential immune-modulator drugs without causing any toxicity, however further in vivo evidence is needed.