Poly-(ionic liquid) coated with magnetic nanoparticles for micro solid phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food samples

• Published in: Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment Vol. 41; no. 5; pp. 495 - 512
• Main Authors: Muhammad Yunus, Faizah, Alias, Yatimah, Yahya, Noorfatimah, Mohamad Zain, Nur Nadhirah, Raoov, Muggundha
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Taylor & Francis 03-05-2024; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Flame ionization detectors; Food; Food Analysis; Food Contamination - analysis; Gas chromatography; GC-FID; Imidazole; Ionic liquids; Ionic Liquids - chemistry; Ionization; Magnetite Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nanoparticles; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - chemistry; Polymers - chemistry; Polymethyl methacrylate; Response surface methodology; Solid Phase Extraction; Solid Phase Microextraction; Solid phases; Tea - chemistry; μ-MSPE; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; GC-FID; μ-MSPE
• ISSN: 1944-0049; 1944-0057
• DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2326426

Poly(methyl methacrylate-vinyl imidazole bromide) (poly-MMA-IL)-grafted magnetic nanoparticles were successfully developed and applied in the micro-magnetic solid phase extraction (μ-MSPE) for 16 types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from tea, fried food, and grilled food samples via gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID). One variable at a time (OVAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used for efficient optimization. The validation method showed a good coefficient of determination (R
2
) ranging from 0.9901 to 0.9982 (n = 3) with linearity of 0.2 μg L
−1
-500 μg L
−1
. Detection and quantification limits were 0.06 µg L
−1
-0.32 µg L
−1
and 0.18 µg L
−1
-0.97 µg L
−1
. Additionally, satisfactory reproducibility was attained with intra-day and inter-day precisions having RSD ranges of 3.6%-11.1%. The spiked recovery value of 16 PAHs in fried food, grilled food and tea samples obtained from the night market in Malaysia ranged from 80%-12%, respectively.