A combined energy and IAQ assessment of the potential value of commissioning residential mechanical ventilation systems

• Published in: Building and environment Vol. 60; pp. 194 - 201
• Main Authors: Turner, William J.N., Logue, Jennifer M., Wray, Craig P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01-02-2013; Elsevier
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Building technical equipments; Buildings; Buildings. Public works; Commissioning; Energy; Environmental engineering; Exact sciences and technology; Health; Indoor air quality; Residential; Residential building; Types of buildings; Ventilation; Ventilation. Air conditioning; Ventilation; Energy; Residential; Health; Commissioning; Indoor air quality; System evaluation; Indoor climate; Air quality; Recommendation; Residential building; Cost analysis; Mechanical ventilation; Contaminant; Air change rate
• ISSN: 0360-1323; 1873-684X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.10.016

Limited data suggest that whole-house ventilation systems in California don't always perform as code and forecasts predict. Deficiencies occur because systems are usually field assembled without design specifications, and there is no consistent process to identify and correct problems. The value of such activities in terms of reducing energy use and improving indoor air quality (IAQ) is poorly understood. Commissioning such systems, either when they are installed or during subsequent building retrofits, is a step towards eliminating deficiencies and optimizing the trade-off between energy use and IAQ.
The goal of this study was to determine the potential value of commissioning residential whole-house ventilation systems that are intended to comply with California's Title 24 residential ventilation requirements. A computer modeling approach was used to assess the impact on occupant health and building energy use of malfunctioning whole-house ventilation systems. Energy and IAQ impacts were quantified and then compared by using the Time Dependent Valuation (TDV) approach for energy and a Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) approach for IAQ. Results showed that health benefits dominated energy benefits independently of house size and climate. The metric for commissioning whole-house ventilation systems should be net present value of the combined energy and IAQ benefits to the consumer. Commissioning cost decisions should be made relative to that value even if that means ventilating to exceed the ASHRAE 62.2 minimum.
As a consequence of combining IAQ and energy costs, the beginning of an approach to optimize the ventilation rates of homes was established.
► Ventilation health costs dominate energy costs when using DALY and TDV approaches. ► This is independent of house size and climate. ► Potential health impacts are large when ventilation airflows are low. ► Decisions about tuning whole-house ventilation rates should be made with knowledge on indoor pollutant emission rates. ► Combining health and energy costs via their monetization leads to an approach to find the optimal ventilation rate for homes.