Pesticide exposure and related health problems among family members of farmworkers in southeast Iran. A case-control study

• Published in: Environmental pollution (1987) Vol. 267; p. 115424
• Main Authors: Abbasi-Jorjandi, Mojtaba, Asadikaram, Gholamreza, Abolhassani, Moslem, Fallah, Hossein, Abdollahdokht, Danial, Salimi, Fouzieh, Faramarz, Sanaz, Pournamdari, Mostafa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-12-2020
• Subjects: Cholinesterase; Organochlorine; Organophosphorus; Oxidative stress; Pesticides; Oxidative stress; 4,4-DDT; MDA; 2,4-DDE; red blood cell, TAC; Organophosphorus; HDL; OCPs; GC; BMI; PON-1; AChE; OPPs; OS; α –HCH; γ-HCH; Pesticides; SOD; Organochlorine; Cholinesterase; GPx; PC; CAT; β-HCH; 2,4-DDT; 4,4-DDE
• ISSN: 0269-7491; 1873-6424
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115424

Pesticides used in agriculture are some of the most common pollutants in the world. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Organophosphorus Pesticides (OPPs) and Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) on the families of farmworkers in the southeast of Iran.
In the present case-control study, 141 family members of farmworkers (as the case group) and 59 family members of non-farmworkers (as the controls) were recruited. Serum levels of OCPs such as α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, 2,4-DDT, and 4,4-DDT were determined. In addition, erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyl (PC), nitric oxide (NO) serum levels, arylesterase activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were determined in all participants. Furthermore, distance to farmlands, education, crops, type, and the number of consumed fruits were evaluated for each individual separately.
The erythrocyte AChE activity and serum activities of GPx, SOD, and PON-1 and TAC levels were significantly decreased, whereas the concentration of MDA, PC, NO, and seven OCPs were significantly increased in the farmworkers’ families as compared to the controls. Spearman correlation and linear regression suggest that OCPs increase the oxidative stress in farmworkers’ family members. Moreover, distance, education, farming precedence, products, and ventilation had significant effects on the OCP levels and increased the odds ratio of OCP levels in farmworkers’ families.
With regards to the data obtained in this study, it was revealed that OCPs as illegal pesticides and OPPs were higher than expected in the farmworkers’ family members. Furthermore, exposure to OCPs and OPPs, apart from the other effects on the body, leads to oxidative stress (OS) that may cause serious diseases in the exposed populations.
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•Direct measurement of OCPs and indirect evaluating of OPPs in farmworkers families in the most important agriculture region.•We showed that, OCPs and OPPs may have crucial role in development of oxidative stress in long-term exposure individuals.•Oxidative stress index are valuable markers to evaluate health situation of subjects with long-term pesticides exposure.