Determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Alexidine and Chlorhexidine Against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans: An In Vitro Study

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 10; no. 2; p. e2221
• Main Authors: Kermeoglu, Fatma, Aksoy, Umut, Kalender, Atakan, Oztan, Meltem D, Oguz, Ece I, Kıyan, Mehmet
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Cureus Inc 23-02-2018; Cureus
• Subjects: Antifungal agents; Antimicrobial agents; Bacteria; Bacterial proteins; Biofilms; Disinfection & disinfectants; Endodontics; Ethanol; Fungi; Infections; Microbiota; Microorganisms; Other; Middle East; Ankara Turkey; Turkey; United Kingdom > UK; United States > US; alexidine; chlorhexidine; e. faecalis; endodontic irrigants; c. albicans
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2221

The root canal system must be mechanically instrumented and chemically cleaned using various antimicrobial irrigants in a sequential manner or in combination for the elimination of necrotic pulp tissue and reducing the number of root canal bacteria. For this reason, new methods and materials are continuously being developed to achieve the objectives of endodontic treatment.
E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) and C. albicans (ATCC 90028) standard strains were used for this study. Colonies of E. faecalis and C. albicans were harvested from the agar plates and suspended in 4 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Microorganisms were diluted to obtain a suspension of approximately 108 colony-forming units/mL (CFU/mL) in sterile PBS using McFarland standard tubes no. 0.5.
After a two-minute contact time, all alexidine (ALX) concentrations used in this study eradicated all E. faecalis strains, while chlorhexidine (CHX) didn't kill 100% of E. faecalis at 0.25% and lower concentrations even after a five-minute contact time. ALX also eradicated C. albicans at all concentrations even after a one-minute contact time. CHX showed antifungal activity against C. albicans at all concentrations higher than 0.031% after a one-minute contact time.
A 0.0156% concentration of ALX can be a good alternative to CHX as an irrigation solution in endodontic treatment when used for one minute against E. faecalis and C. albicans.