On valuing impairment

• Published in: Philosophical studies Vol. 175; no. 5; pp. 1113 - 1133
• Main Authors: Howard, Dana, Aas, Sean
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer 01-05-2018; Springer Netherlands; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Cognition & reasoning; Disability; Disorders; Education; Epistemology; Ethics; Ideology; Metaphysics; Philosophy; Philosophy of Language; Philosophy of Mind; Disability; Social ontology; Oppression; Impairment
• ISSN: 0031-8116; 1573-0883
• DOI: 10.1007/s11098-018-1074-y

In The Minority Body, Elizabeth Barnes rejects prevailing social constructionist accounts of disability for two reasons. First, because they understand disability in terms of oppressive social responses to bodily impairment, they cannot make sense of disability pride. Second, they maintain a problematic distinction between impairment and disability. In response to these challenges, this paper defends a version of the social model of disability, which we call the Social Exclusion Model. On our account, to be disabled is to be in a bodily or psychological state that is represented as an impairment in the prevailing ideology of one's society, and to be excluded from valuable activities on the basis of this representation. While this model refers to a distinction between disability and impairment, it makes no presuppositions about which bodies function 'normally' and which do not. It is the ideology of impairment rather than impairment itself that does any work to determine whether a person is disabled. We argue that this model answers some of the important objections that Barnes raises against prevailing social constructionist accounts of disability, and that it's focus on the oppressive social positioning of disabled people gives it explanatory power that Barnes's own account lacks.