Creating and manipulating vortices in atomic wave functions with short electric field pulses

• Published in: Physical review letters Vol. 105; no. 20; p. 203005
• Main Authors: Ovchinnikov, S Yu, Sternberg, J B, Macek, J H, Lee, Teck-Ghee, Schultz, D R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 12-11-2010
• Subjects: ATOMS; CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; COMPRESSIBLE FLOW; DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; ELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION; ELECTRON SPECTRA; ELECTRONS; ELEMENTARY PARTICLES; EQUATIONS; FERMIONS; FLUID FLOW; FUNCTIONS; LASER RADIATION; LEPTONS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; PROBABILITY; PULSES; QUASI PARTICLES; RADIATIONS; SCHROEDINGER EQUATION; SPECTRA; TIME DELAY; VORTICES; WAVE EQUATIONS; WAVE FUNCTIONS
• ISSN: 0031-9007; 1079-7114
• DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.203005

We demonstrate the creation of vortices in the electronic probability density of an atom subject to short electric field pulses, how these vortices evolve and can be manipulated by varying the applied pulses, and that they persist to macroscopic distances in the spectrum of ejected electrons. This opens the possibility to use practical femtosecond or shorter laser pulses to create and manipulate these vortex quasiparticles at the atomic scale and observe them in the laboratory. Within a hydrodynamic interpretation we also show, since the Schrödinger equation is a particular instance of the Navier-Stokes equations, that for compressible fluids vortices can appear spontaneously and with a certain time delay, which is not expected to occur from the conventional point of view, illustrating applicability of the present study to vortex formation more broadly.