Efficient Rectifier for Wireless Power Transmission Systems

• Published in: IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques Vol. 68; no. 5; pp. 1921 - 1932
• Main Authors: Rotenberg, Samuel A., Podilchak, Symon K., Re, Pascual D. Hilario, Mateo-Segura, C., Goussetis, George, Lee, Jaesup
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01-05-2020; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Active antenna rectifier; Antenna arrays; Antennas; Batteries; Bridge circuits; Circuits; Circular polarization; diode; Energy harvesting; Far fields; Internet of Things; Microwave circuits; patch array; Radio frequency; rectenna; Rectennas; Smartphones; Tablet computers; Tracking systems; Transmitters; wireless power transfer (WPT); Wireless power transmission
• ISSN: 0018-9480; 1557-9670
• DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2020.2968055

This article describes a full-bridge rectifier and a receiving antenna array for operation within an innovative wireless power transmission (WPT) system. A high-power transmitter using circularly polarized free-space waves and based on a retrodirective antenna array technology is also employed to boost the overall received RF power at the input of the rectenna. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed rectifier circuit and active antenna configuration are the first demonstration of a high-power beam tracking system for WPT scenarios, being different from previously reported near-field coupling and other lower power harvesting schemes. The main focus of this article is the rectifier design, its bench-top measurements, and operation in such a retrodirective, self-tracking microwave system. A novel approach based on in-phase multitone input signals is also developed to improve rectifier efficiency. The rectifier size is 4.5 cm by 2 cm and can offer more than 86% and 75% RF-to-dc rectification efficiency at 27 dBm for an input signal at 1.7 and 2.4 GHz, respectively. This rectifier circuit component can also be employed in other communication applications or WPT systems, for example, to convert to dc received RF signals or power in the radiating near- and far-field in order to wirelessly charge the batteries of home electronics, such as smartphones, tablets, or Internet of Things (IoT) devices.