Hardware Efficient Clock Synchronization Across Wi-Fi and Ethernet-Based Network Using PTP

• Published in: IEEE transactions on industrial informatics Vol. 18; no. 6; pp. 3808 - 3819
• Main Authors: Aslam, Muhammad, Liu, Wei, Jiao, Xianjun, Haxhibeqiri, Jetmir, Miranda, Gilson, Hoebeke, Jeroen, Marquez-Barja, Johann, Moerman, Ingrid
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 01-06-2022; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Clock synchronization; Clock synchronization (CS); Clocks; Computer networks; Ethernet; Hardware; hardware (HW) timestamping (TS); IEEE 802.11; IEEE 802.11 Standard; Local area networks; openwifi; Performance evaluation; precision time protocol (PTP); Software; Software radio; Spread spectrum communication; Synchronization; Time synchronization; timing synchronization function (TSF); Wi-Fi; Wireless fidelity; Wireless networks
• ISSN: 1551-3203; 1941-0050
• DOI: 10.1109/TII.2021.3120005

Precision time protocol (PTP), a state-of-the-art clock synchronization protocol primarily designed for wired networks, has recently gained attention in the wireless community, due to the increased use of the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLAN) in real-time distributed systems. However, all the existing WLAN-based PTP designs either incorporate software timestamping (TS) delivering poor clock synchronization accuracy, or hardware (HW) TS providing better synchronization accuracy at the cost of a significant amount of HW overhead. Moreover, the performance of the existing PTP solutions is mostly evaluated in single-hop wireless networks, while the performance across wired and wireless networks is taken for granted. In this article, a new software-defined-radio-based approach to implement PTP is introduced and validated for the IEEE 802.11 WLAN. Instead of using a dedicated HW clock, the solution utilizes the timing synchronization function clock, an existing clock in the IEEE802.11 standard for synchronization between access point and WLAN stations. The performance of the proposed solution is first investigated within a single-hop WLAN and then across wired-wireless networks. Experimental results unveil that 90% of the absolute clock synchronization error falls within 1.4 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu \mathrm{s}</tex-math></inline-formula>.