Evaluation of 3D small-scale lithological heterogeneities and pore distribution of the Boda Claystone Formation using X-ray computed tomography images (CT)

• Published in: Geologia Croatica Vol. 74; no. 3; pp. 305 - 318
• Main Authors: Abutaha, Saja M, Geiger, János, Gulyás, Sándor, Fedor, Ferenc
• Format: Journal Article Paper
• Language: English
• Published: Zagreb Institut za Geoloska Istrazivanja 01-01-2021; Hrvatskigeološkiinstitut
• Subjects: Algorithms; authigenic mineral; Boda Claystone Formation; Boolean; Boolean algebra; Boolean function; Boolean functions; Clay minerals; Clusters; Coefficient of variation; Computed tomography; Data analysis; Data mining; Datasets; Density; Distribution; Effective porosity; Evaluation; Fractures; Fragments; Geology; Lithology; Medical imaging; Minerals; Moisture content; Outliers (statistics); Porosity; Rocks; Saturation; Sedimentary structures; Sensors; Siltstone; Smectites; Spatial distribution; Tomography; Vinegar; Water content; X-rays
• ISSN: 1330-030X; 1333-4875
• DOI: 10.4154/gc.2021.17

This study was undertaken to quantify and evaluate the density and porosity characteristics of a Boda Claystone Formation (BCF) core sample using medical CT. Each voxel of the 3D CT volume was described with three variables: dry CT number, saturated CT number, and effective porosity. Disparity pore voxels were revealed using the genetic groups' algorithm of data-mining techniques. The K-fold cross-validation algorithm has been applied to determine the number of the most stable cluster. The 3D spatial distributions of voxel-porosity by rock constituents, as well as the 3D distribution of porosity clusters by rock components, were found by Boolean function implementation. The terrigenous detrital fragments had the lowest porosity mean (0.16%) and highest coefficient variation value (1039.39%). While the Fine siltstone component had the highest porosity mean (3.39%) and lower coefficient of variation (134.99%). The difference in the variation of coefficient proportions is related to the outlier ratios in each rock component. Independently of both the rock types and the sedimentary structures, two clusters could be defined: one for the micro-porosity and one for the macro-porosity regimes. The former showed a continuous 3D spatial appearance, while the latter appeared in patches. These patches may also be connected, at least partly, to some local smectite aggregates. These clay minerals could lose their structured water content during vacuuming and swell when adsorbing water during sample saturation. In each rock type, the micro-porosity regime could be related to low-density rock fragments. The mean effective porosity of the micro-pore regime was about 0.02, which corresponds to the petrophysical core measurements. For the macro regimes, the average was 0.1