Isotopically enriched N‐MORB: A new geochemical signature of off‐axis plume‐ridge interaction—A case study at 50°28′E, Southwest Indian Ridge

• Published in: Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth Vol. 122; no. 1; pp. 191 - 213
• Main Authors: Yang, A. Y., Zhao, T.‐P., Zhou, M.‐F., Deng, X.‐G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-01-2017
• Subjects: Aluminum oxide; Basalt; Case studies; Crozet hot spot; Decompression; Depletion; Enrichment; Extraction; Geochemistry; Geophysical studies; Geophysics; Isotope composition; Isotopes; Isotopic enrichment; isotopically enriched N‐MORB; Lava; Magma; Melting; Mid-ocean ridges; mid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORB); Neodymium; Nitrogen enrichment; Oceans; Plumes; plume‐ridge distance; plume‐ridge interaction; Ratios; Ridges; Samarium; Signatures; Silicon dioxide; Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR); Spreading centres; Titanium dioxide; Titanium oxides
• ISSN: 2169-9313; 2169-9356
• DOI: 10.1002/2016JB013284

Interaction between the Southwest Indian Ridge (46°E and 52°20′E) and Crozet hotspot has been proposed by geophysical studies but remains controversial mostly due to the lack of E‐MORB (enriched mid‐ocean ridge basalts). Forty‐seven new samples collected from this region, including 15 from segment 27 centered at 50°28′E with a 10 km thick crust, are all N‐MORB (normal MORB) and can be classified into two groups: a high‐Al group only at 50°28′E and a Main group widespread. The former, with higher Al2O3 and lower TiO2 and SiO2, have slightly enriched Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb isotopic compositions. We propose that their major and trace elemental signatures were modified by reaction with primitive cumulate in the crust, whereas the enriched isotopic compositions indicate the contribution of Crozet plume materials. During upslope flow of the Crozet plume to the ridge, decompression melting would occur along the path, which would deplete the plume in incompatible elements but not significantly change the isotopic compositions. Thus, when they finally reach the ridge, the depleted residue would remelt due to further decompression at MOR and produce isotopically enriched N‐MORB at segment 27. Isotopically enriched N‐MORB are known elsewhere, mostly at slower‐spreading ridges possibly influenced by plumes with large plume‐ridge distances. In particular, the constant Nd isotopic compositions with decreasing (La/Sm)N ratios for off‐axis magmatism between the Réunion hotspot toward the CIR perfectly match such a plume‐ridge interaction model. Therefore, aside from E‐MORB, isotopically enriched N‐MORB can also be considered as the geochemical signature for off‐axis plume‐ridge interaction.
Key Points
Isotopically enriched normal mid‐ocean ridge basalts were found at 50°28′E, Southwest Indian Ridge, with the 10 km thick crust
They formed by remelting of the Crozet hotspot materials with previous melt extraction during upslope flow to the ridge
Isotopically enriched normal mid‐ocean ridge basalts are possible chemical consequences of off‐axis plume‐ridge interaction globally